Peach planting and cultivation

The main results are as follows: (1) Seedling, planting and grafting propagation, peach rootstock, seeds after stratification treatment, sowing in winter, bud grafting from June to August or cutting in early spring of the following year, the seedlings can come out of the nursery the next winter. The row spacing of planted plants is 4m × 5m or 3m × 4m, with 500-840 plants per hectare. The planting period can be from after falling leaves to before sprouting. Peach orchards can not be continuous cropping, otherwise the growth of young trees is obviously weak, the leaves lose green, the new roots turn brown and bifurcate, and the branches flow gum. This taboo continuous cropping phenomenon is serious in sandy soil or upper soil with low fertility. The main reason is that the residual roots of previous cropping decompose in the soil to produce toxic substances such as benzaldehyde and cyanic acid, which inhibit and poison the roots, and are also related to the proliferation and accumulation of nematodes in the soil during continuous cropping.

(2) the requirement ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for fertilizing peach is about 1. 5. 5. 1. Young trees should pay attention to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause overgrowth. Increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer after the full fruit period to strengthen the tree potential. The content of potassium in peach fruit is 3.2 times that of nitrogen. With the application of potassium fertilizer, the yield of peach fruit is high. Results the tree was fertilized three times a year: the base fertilizer was applied in October-November combined with soil deep ploughing, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for 50% of the annual fertilizer application; strong fruit fertilizer was applied in the hard core stage of fruit from late April to May, and early-maturing species were mainly potassium fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounted for 15%, 20% and 40% of the whole year, respectively. In addition, peach orchards need regular ploughing and weeding to keep the soil loose and drain water in time to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots.

(3) plastic surgery and pruning are mostly natural and happy shapes. The height of the fixed stem is about 60cm, leaving 3-4 main cinnamon, the opening angle of the main branch is 50 °- 60 °, 1-2 secondary main branches are reserved for each main branch, and there are as few twigs on the main branch and secondary main branch as possible. The pruning period includes winter pruning and summer pruning. Although the first fruit tree (3-4 years after planting) has borne fruit, it has exuberant growth, many branches and dense branches. Summer pruning measures such as sprouting, coring and twisting should be adopted to suppress the strong and help the weak and maintain the balance of the tree. In the full fruiting period, due to the fruit for many years, the tree potential has been relaxed, the number of long branches and secondary branches decreased significantly, the proportion of medium and short fruit branches increased, mainly truncated, and the dense branches and top strong branches should be deleted to improve the light conditions between shoots.