Pear variety: Huashan
I. Source of varieties
Beijing Forestry Bureau introduced it from Korea in 1999 and planted it in Beijing Huangqi nursery. Parent combination: Fengshui × late Sanji. It was approved by Beijing in 2002.
2. Characteristic characteristics
This variety was selected from Korea and belongs to sand pear system and large fruit type pear.
The tree is strong and semi-open, which is easy to form short fruit branches and axillary flower buds, with 7-9 flowers per inflorescence. The leaf is wide oval, the leaf margin is serrated small, the leaf blade is light green. Annual branches are yellowish brown, lenticels are large and dense, and branches are stout.
The fruit is round in shape and the fruit spot is small and sparse. The average weight of a single fruit is 500 grams, the maximum weight of a single fruit is 800 grams, the pericarp is thin, the pulp is milky white, the stone cells are few, the fruit juice is much, and the edible rate is 94%. The fruit setting rate is high, the fruit is high-yielding, the fruit surface is bright yellowish brown, and the fruit surface becomes light brownish yellow after bagging. The flowering period in Huangqi nursery is mid-April and the fruit ripening period is in the first and middle of September, which is about 15 days earlier than that in South Korea.
High yield, stable yield, strong resistance to scab and black spot, large amount of pollen, can be used as a pollination tree of other varieties, but can not be used as a pollination tree of Ganquan pear with good fruit quality. When the nitrogen fertilizer is too much or the growth is too strong, it is easy to lead to rotten fruit, because the fruit surface is still green when it is ripe, so it is necessary to strengthen the judgment of the mature period, such as honey disease is easy to occur when it is too ripe. This variety and Ganquan pear can not be pollinated with each other. If too much fruit is easy to cause premature senescence, fruit thinning should be strengthened, and irrigation and drainage should be done well in cultivation.
The young trees will blossom in the second year and bear fruit in the third year. The average yield per mu in Beijing should be controlled at 2000-2500 kg.
After harvest, the storage time can be prolonged under the condition of cold storage.
III. Key points of cultivation techniques
The main results are as follows: 1. the plant growth potential is strong, pay attention to reasonable close planting, 45-111 plants per mu.
2. It is suitable to be used as the pollination tree of other varieties, but not as the pollination tree of Ganquan pear.
3. In the first year of planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, ensure adequate supply of fertilizer and water in the first two years, and promote the formation of tree crown as soon as possible; after the result, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, especially the application of more organic fertilizer, up to 5-10 cubic meters per mu.
4. Pull branches in time to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions.
5. The high grafted tree can pull branches and strengthen the tree in time in the first year, and the flower bud can be formed in the second year.
6. nitrogen fertilizer should be added in time after fruit harvest, and foliar fertilizer spraying and root application should be combined.
7. Fruit bagging management must be carried out, and attention should be paid to the control of bagging pests such as Tenebrio Molitor and Pear planthopper.
IV. Areas suitable for planting
It is suitable for planting in Beijing area.
- Prev
Peach May Fire
In 1980, the USDA California Horticultural Experimental Station was selected from Amken natural immature embryos by immature embryo culture. It was introduced into Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1989. The fruit is oval, the two halves are symmetrical, and the top of the fruit is slightly convex; the average weight of a single fruit is 75g, and the maximum weight is 110g; the bottom of the pericarp is orange, overall red, shiny, beautiful, and the skin is easy to peel off; the pulp is hard soluble, yellow, without red pigment, more in juice, fragrant, sour and less sweet.
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Peach planting and cultivation
The main results are as follows: (1) Seedling, planting and grafting propagation, peach rootstock, seeds after stratification treatment, sowing in winter, bud grafting from June to August or cutting in early spring of the following year, the seedlings can come out of the nursery the next winter. The row spacing of planted plants is 4m × 5m or 3m × 4m, with 500-840 plants per hectare. The planting period can be from after falling leaves to before sprouting. Peach orchards can not be continuous cropping, otherwise the growth of young trees is obviously weak, the leaves lose green, the new roots turn brown and bifurcate, and the branches flow gum. This taboo continuous cropping phenomenon is serious in sandy soil or upper soil with low fertility. The main reason is that the residual roots of previous crops decompose in the soil.
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