Pruning and Flower and Fruit Management of dense planting of Apricot

1. Shaping and pruning

1. The plastic apricot is a light-loving fruit tree, and the "V" shape with good ventilation and light transmission is recommended in the dense planting garden. The shaping method is as follows: planting according to the row spacing of 3 meters × 1 meters, leaving a 40 cm short cut on the trunk in the same year, and when the new shoot length is 30 cm in spring, the two branches that extend to the rows, grow vigorously, grow symmetrically with the trunk at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees are selected as the main branches to grow naturally. In addition, 3 or 4 new shoots were selected as auxiliary shoots, and the remaining new shoots were erased. The auxiliary shoots were excised when they were 20 cm long at the beginning of May, and all of them were pulled horizontally in late June to promote flower bud differentiation. When the main branch is 50 cm long, the heart is picked to promote the branch, and a strong branch is selected as an extended branch.

two。 Pruning (1) pruning young trees. The principle of keeping more and cutting less should be adopted when cutting in winter. because the flower buds of young trees differentiate later, they should cut less and put more long, and adjust the angle of the main branches combined with the techniques of bracing, pulling and hanging, so as to make the crown open properly to improve the light, which is beneficial to early hanging fruit and early high yield. (2) pruning high-yielding trees. When cutting in winter, the fruiting branches should be properly preserved, the over-dense branches should be properly thinned, and the extended branches of the main branches should be retracted properly, so that the ventilation and light transmission zone of 50 cm to 80 cm should be retained between rows, and there is no intersection between plants. Cut off the dense branches in summer pruning.

II. Flower and fruit management

The flower promotion technique of 1.b2 crown should promote the flower in the first to second year of planting. The common method is to spray 200 × 300 times 15% paclobutrazol once in late June and the second time in the first and middle of July. Ditching and drainage from late June to late July to keep the soil moderately dry are beneficial to flower bud differentiation. After the apricot tree entered the high yield period in the third year, in order to control the crown growth, combined with fruit protection, 300 times 15% paclobutrazol solution was sprayed twice at the end of April and the beginning of May.

two。 The common measures for flower and fruit protection are as follows: (1) pollination trees are planted according to 1 ∶ 1 or 2 ∶ 1 and bees are released at flowering stage. (2) the effect of artificial pollination is very good, especially in the warm winter years, there are many abortive flowers, so artificial pollination should be carried out. (3) spraying water at flowering stage. When spraying clear water at full bloom, 0.1% borax and 0.1% urea can be added to the water. (4) using plant growth regulators to protect fruit. In the middle and last ten days of October, 50 × 10 × Emur6 gibberellin solution was sprayed to increase the fruit setting rate in the second year. Spraying 20 × 10 × Emur6 gibberellin solution at full flowering stage could increase the fruit setting rate in the same year. Spraying 15% paclobutrazol 300 times solution at the end of April can control fruit drop.

3. Fruit thinning technique is carried out after the first physiological fruit drop half a month after falling flowers (when the diameter of young fruit is between 1.0 and 1.5 cm). When thinning fruit, first remove all the disease and insect fruit, deformed fruit and small fruit, remove the dense fruit, so that the remaining fruit is evenly distributed on the tree, leaving less weak trees and more prosperous trees. The yield per mu should be controlled at about 2000 kg at the density of 1 fruit per 5 cm to 8 cm shoot.

4. Measures to prevent fruit cracking in order to prevent fruit cracking, while selecting varieties that are not easy to crack, drainage should be strengthened from April to June, potash fertilizer should be increased in spring and bagged after fruit thinning, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2% potassium sulfate should be sprayed on the leaves several times during the fruit expansion period from April to May.