Key points of Management of Pear Orchard in Autumn and Winter

Autumn and winter is an important period of pear defoliation dormancy, strengthen the management of pear orchard in autumn and winter. It is beneficial to the growth and flowering of pear trees in the next year.

1. Reasonable fertilization Before the end of November, deeply apply autumn fertilizer to pear garden, and the amount of fertilizer should account for more than 30% of the total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year, mainly organic fertilizer such as decomposed oil cake fertilizer, residue fertilizer, retting and human and animal manure. The method comprises the following steps of: digging 1-2 circular fertilization nests with the length of about 60 cm, the depth and the width of 25 cm at the tree crown drip line of the adult pear tree, applying 30-40 kg of decomposed human and livestock water fertilizer to each tree, adding 1 - 1.5 kg of decomposed oil cake fertilizer (or 10-20 kg of decomposed residue fertilizer, composted fertilizer, etc.), and mixing and applying. Young trees are fertilized by half or 1/4 of the amount, and return to the soil to cover the nest after fertilization.

Second, intertillage weeding combined with autumn fertilization, eradication of weeds in the pear garden, deep buried in the fertilization nest. And then. Deep plowing of pear orchard, shallow plowing under tree crown, deep plowing of 20-30 cm between rows, and furrowing of plots to loosen soil and eliminate overwintering eggs (cocoons).

Third, finishing pruning on the planting of 1 - 2 years of young pear orchard. On the basis of pulling branches in summer of that year, pulling branches, supporting branches and hanging branches are adopted for the 2 - 4 branches that have been cultivated to keep the opening degree of 60-70 cm, so as to ease the tree potential and form a dwarf crown; for adult fruit trees, pruning is carried out by thinning, shortening and renewing the method, so that the crown is ventilated and transparent, and the layers are distinct, so as to achieve the purpose of internal and external fruit.

4. Disease and pest control In winter after pear leaves fall, comprehensive measures are taken to prevent overwintering diseases and pests.

1. Remove dead branches and fallen leaves near pear orchard, cut off diseased branches, scrape off trunk skin, and burn them intensively or bury them deeply.

2. Before winter, make 1 - 2 small grass handles with grain grass or miscellaneous apples, place them at the branches of pear trees to induce pests to winter on the grass handles, and burn all the grass handles in the beginning of spring. A large number of overwintering pests can be eliminated.

3. Whitewash. After pear leaves fall to sprout, pear garden should be sprayed 2 - 3 Baume stone sulfur mixture 1 - 2 times, and the residue after use brush white trunk. Whitening agent can also be prepared with the following two formulas: ① lime 4 kg, stone sulfur mixture 3 kg, diesel oil or kerosene 0.5 kg, hot water 50 kg. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: dissolving lime block into warm water to form slurry, adding lime sulfur mixture, and fully stirring;(2) 5kg of lime, 0.5kg of salt, 100g of 40% arsenic wettable powder, 0.5kg of diesel oil or engine oil, and 50kg of warm water at 60 DEG C. The preparation method is to put lime blocks into warm water to dissolve into lime milk slurry, then add salt, engine oil, pesticides and so on to fully mix well.