June crisp pear

1. Variety source: June crisp pear is a very early-maturing and excellent new variety selected from the early-maturing variety Zaocu pear bud variety by the research group of "New Pear Variety breeding" in the Institute of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry. This variety is suitable for the Loess Plateau, Northeast Plain, Yellow River, Yangtze River Basin and other areas.

Second, the variety characteristic this variety grows vigorously, the tree posture is erect, the annual branch is erect, stout, reddish brown, the leaf color is green, the leaf edge needle awn-like compound sawtooth is early crisp and obvious. The variety bears early, high and stable yield. The garden was established with high-quality Qiaohua seedlings with a row spacing of 4 × 1.5m. It began to bear fruit in the third year, with an average yield of 421.8 kg per square meter. The average output of 667m2 in the fourth year was 970.1 kg, and that of the fifth year was 2231.2 kg.

Third, the tree of June crisp pear is vigorous, dry and can expand its crown quickly, and it is suitable to have a row spacing of 3.5-4 m × 2-3 m. In order to increase the early yield, temporary plants can be encrypted between plants and thinned after the pear orchard is closed. It is recommended to choose Cuiguan, Xizilu, Xinshui and Xingshui, which are basically close to the maturity of June crisp, as well as medium-ripe varieties such as gold, yellow crown, autumn crystal, August red and so on. It is best to choose two varieties for pollination.

Fourth, shaping and pruning this variety is suitable to adopt spindle shape or small crown sparse layer tree shape. The shape of the tree can be cultivated by carving buds and pulling branches, which can be completed in 2-3 years. Young trees should be trimmed lightly, peeled and cut around the trunk or strong branches in summer, and the erect branches should be properly thinned or opened to ease the growth potential and promote the formation of flower buds. For the large and medium fruiting branches which have been bearing fruit for many years, the large and medium fruiting branches retracted in time to keep the fruiting branches growing vigorously and ensure high and stable yield.

5. Fertilizer and water management. 1. Soil fertilization. The variety matured very early, and fertilization in autumn should be increased ("one bombardment") or fruit expansion fertilizer should be advanced to the end of April and the beginning of May. According to the amount of fertilizer applied in the early fruit stage, the trees applied 1.5-2kg high quality farm manure per kilogram of pear production, and more than 3000 kg per 667m2 pear orchard in full fruit stage. The application method is ditch application, digging radial ditch or digging ring ditch around the crown, with a depth of 40-60 cm. 2. Foliar spraying fertilizer. 4-5 times in the whole year, generally 2 times in the early growth stage, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and 2-3 times in the later stage, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and trace elements needed for the growth and development of fruit trees can also be sprayed according to the condition of the tree. The concentrations of commonly used fertilizers are urea 0.2% mi 0.3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% MUE 0.3%, borax 0.1% Mel 0.3%. Foliar spraying should avoid high temperature. 3. Watering in time. While fertilizing, pay attention to watering, and pay attention to watering to prevent drought in early spring and autumn drought. Ditching and drainage should be done well in the rainy season.

6. after rainfall or irrigation in the growing season, the tree plates covered with clear-tillage orchards and grass-based orchards should be weeded in time (5-10 cm deep in mid-tillage to adjust temperature and preserve soil moisture) to keep the soil loose. When covering the pear orchard, the covering material can be wheat straw, wheat bran, corn straw, rice straw and field weeds, with a thickness of 10-15 cm and sporadic soil pressure above. After 3-4 years of continuous mulching, it can be turned once with the application of base fertilizer in autumn, and it can also be combined with deep opening of large ditches to bury grass to improve soil fertility and water storage capacity.

7. Flower thinning and fruit thinning, the axillary flower bud of June crisp pear is prone to abnormal fruit. when thinning flowers, the first and second flowers of axillary flower bud and top flower bud and the first and second flowers of edge flower should be removed, and the third, fourth and fifth flowers should be left so as to promote the appearance of fruit and improve the appearance quality. In calcium-deficient areas, 0.3% Mel 0.5% calcium solution should be sprayed at flowering and young fruit stages.

8. Reasonable summer shearing mainly adopts technical measures such as pulling branches, taking branches and picking hearts, so as to change the angle, direction and orientation of branches according to the requirements of shaping, so as to create a reasonable tree structure and achieve the purpose of light transmission, slow potential, increasing branches and promoting flowers, and fruit setting.

Control of diseases and pests in order to prevent early defoliation causing autumn blossoms of June crisp pears, it is necessary to strengthen the control of pear scab, brown spot, black spot and other diseases as well as aphids, pear net bugs, pear gall midges, mites and other pests.

The appropriate time for fruit harvest shall be determined comprehensively according to fruit maturity, use and market demand. Pay attention to handling gently when harvesting to avoid mechanical damage.