Temperature and humidity of pear storage

The optimum storage temperature of gold and Fengshui pear is 0 ℃ ±1 ℃. The storage temperature should be kept stable during storage, and the temperature change range should not exceed ±1 ℃. Gold and Fengshui pears should be stored at 90%-95% relative humidity, and the relative humidity should be kept at 95% when stored for more than 4 months. In the middle of February, red spiders, heart-eating insects, pear bud-eating moths, yellow whitefly, scab, grass paramecium scale are pruned every year or every other year, the trunk, main branches and backbone branches are scraped, the skin is rotten on the scar, and the residue should be taken out of the garden for destruction, remove insect branches and buds, remove leaves and fruits in the field, and destroy them centrally. The shearing saw can be smeared with Nongkang 120 rehabilitation solution. Do not use pears, apples and poplars as sticks. Mountain pear trees are surrounded by plastic film on the trunk, coated with Vaseline oil or 99.1% Caltex dichlorfon EC, prevent grass scale from growing on trees, spray putrefying, agricultural antibiotic 120, bacterial venom or 3 °~ 5 °stone sulfur mixture (both for overwintering leaf mites and aphids). When the pear planthopper overwintering pear planthopper reached more than 10 per plant in the first and middle of March, 30% peach Xiaoling EC was sprayed twice 2500 times, or 2.5% kungfu EC 2000-3000 times. If pear planthopper is rare, only spray 30% 40 times lime water and 1% salt, control spawning spray 3% diesel emulsion or 3 degree stone sulfur mixture, eliminate pear planthopper, aphids and so on. In late March, pear rot, black spot, ring disease, red spider, aphid, yellow powder aphid continued to peel off the disease spot and tumor, and smeared with carbendazim or methyl topiramine plus 10% imidacloprid, spray carbendazim or methyl thiophanate plus 10% imidacloprid, or 15% trimethoprim plus Lexbene or aphid. After spraying, plug the trench in time, use yellow mud or white for painting the wall, add appropriate amount of cellulose and water to make a paste, then add 1, 000 imidacloprid, fill the saw seams and grafting scars and flatten them, and eliminate the yellow powder aphid and two-spotted spider mites. From the first ten days of April to the first and middle of May, pear planthopper and red spider check the fecundity of pear planthopper. If the number of eggs laid is large, spray 1.8% acaridin 5000 times. In the middle and last ten days of April, 10% imidacloprid was sprayed 4 days after flowering, and 4000 times of carbendazim was added if the inflorescence was separated from the flowering and the rain fell more than 10mm. Pear heart borer, pear aphid, pear sprout moth, Dendrolimus punctatus and mites were sprayed with 70% Dipyridamole 400 times or 5% nisolone 1500 × 2000 times two weeks after flowering, using natural enemies to control aphids or spraying imidacloprid 3 suspension emulsion 1000 times or 5000 times of abamectin, or 1000 times of 1% matrine water, or 500 times of 500 times of Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder to control Dendrolimus punctatus and pear spore moth. Beetles, pear weevil and pear bees sprinkle 50% phoxim EC 3.0 kg per hectare + 450 kg 600 kg of fine soil on the ground before flowering. They can also spray 500 × 600 times of phoxim on the ground and knock on trunk branches during flowering to shake down pests. From May to early June, tea winged bug, pear planthopper, scab, yellow powder aphid sprayed 1.8% acaridin (avermectin, alfordine) 1000 times increased the raw MMI 45800 times, the following heavy rain, to add 1000 times methyl topiramate. Artificially vibrate trees to kill bugs. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 to 800 times. Before wheat harvest of yellow pink aphid, pear planthopper and leaf mite in mid and late June, imidacloprid and avermectin were sprayed in the fruit turning period of yellow pink aphid and the adult stage of the second generation pear planthopper. If the leaf mite is serious, it can be sprayed 4000 times. Pear scab, scab, ring disease spray lime multiple Bordeaux solution 200 times, for vulnerable pear varieties, lime multi-dose Bordeaux solution can be sprayed 300 times, can also refer to tables 6, 7, 8. In July, when pear heart borer, big heart borer and scab heart borer were serious, spray Laiyouourea No. 3 suspension 1000: 2000 times; when scab was serious, spray 80% Dasheng Mrel 45 wettable powder 800 times. In the first and middle of August, scab, pear heart borer, diamondback moth, boat caterpillar, pear star caterpillar and inchworm were wrapped around the trunk to trap pear heart borer to dormant in the grass, remove the grass and burn it before falling leaves; spray lime multiple Bordeaux solution 200 times, carbendazim and wettable powder 600 times 800 times; spray 500 times 1000 times of Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder to kill boat caterpillars and sky caterpillars. Clean the orchard in November and burn the dead branches, fallen leaves, diseases, pests and fruits, and turn the tree plate deeply. Appendix A Mel 2 Annual Management Calendar of Pear Orchard the main work of the project is to clean the orchard from November to the first ten days of March to clean up the fallen leaves, withered branches, diseases and insect pests and fruits and burn them centrally. The frozen water must be irrigated in the first and middle of November, and the amount of water should be connected with the soil moisture. Winter pruning according to the determined tree shape, in line with the principle of high and stable yield. The young trees take shape as soon as possible, the fruiting trees maintain the moderate tree potential, and the tree groups are carefully pruned. To prevent the emergence of "big and small years". Material preparation for fertilizers, pesticides, maintenance of agricultural machinery and tools the soil and water conservation project was completed in the middle and last ten days of March, and channels should be repaired if there are irrigation conditions. The proportion of pure nitrogen, pure phosphorus and pure potassium is 1: 1, 0.5: 1, which can be applied at one time. Results the tree applied 0.25 kg of pure nitrogen per 50 kg of fruit in the whole year, and the proportion of pure nitrogen, pure phosphorus and pure potassium was 1: 0.5: 1. On the basis of the application of base fertilizer in autumn, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole year should be 1 × 3. If phosphate fertilizer is mixed into the base fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer for the whole year should be applied at one time. Irrigation and ploughing to preserve soil moisture after fertilization. See Appendix A Mel 1 to replant pear orchards with missing plants and pollinated trees, which should be replanted at this time. In pear orchards with poor or lack of pollination trees, high grafting can be carried out at this time to increase pollination trees. See Appendix Amur1 for spraying in April to prevent frost. Water should be irrigated once near flowering to reduce frost damage. Flower thinning is carried out when the inflorescence protrudes, and the number of flowers retained accounts for 370.45% of the total growth point. The average inflorescence of Yali pear is 16 cm and that of Xuehua pear is 20 cm and 25 cm respectively. Pollination produces pollen in advance. Generally speaking, 60% of the flowers on a tree are in bloom for the best pollination period. Can use artificial pollination or release bees for pollination, do not spray pesticides when releasing bees. In May, see Appendix Amur1 for fruit thinning and fruit branches to reach 20% of the total growth point, should be carried out after the calyx of the young fruit is removed. On average, Yali pear leaves one fruit in 16cm, but double fruit in 30cm; Xuehua pear leaves no double fruit and one fruit in 20cm; Jingbai pear leaves fruit according to unit branch. Fruits with low inflorescences should be left. Bagging and thinning fruit can be bagged at the same time, bagging must be completed within 40 days after falling flowers. Spray antibacterial agents before bagging. In late May, big trees bearing fruit by fertilization and irrigation should be topdressing 2 to 3 of the planned amount of nitrogen fertilizer for the whole year, and applying potash fertilizer. If potash is plant ash, it should be applied separately from nitrogen fertilizer. Irrigate and loosen the soil after fertilization. Starting from late May, foliar spraying is carried out every 20-25 days (urea 0.3-0.4%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3%, spraying 3 times in a row). See Appendix Amur1 for spraying in June. Irrigation and ploughing according to the weather conditions, irrigation for 1 or 2 times, after irrigation, ploughing and weeding. Grass mulching is combined to remove weeds on the tree plate and wheat harvest, and cover the grass on the tree plate with a thickness of not less than 20 cm. See Appendix A mur1 hanging branches and brace branches in July for the big branches with more fruit, especially under the condition of close planting, the fruit branches with large opening angle should be supported to prevent compression and folding. For newly planted young trees, it is necessary to pull branches and open at an angle. Weeding and composting to make green manure. In particular, after the orchards newly reclaimed in mountainous areas and to be planted in next spring are leveled before the rainy season, grass should be filled in the planting holes or ditches at this time to ensure planting in next spring. For spraying and luring insects, see Appendix A-18 before harvesting and preparing for harvest, complete the disinfection and maintenance of the fruit field, the renovation of the fruit shed, and prepare harvesting tools, cartons and means of transportation. Harvest one after another, into the warehouse. After the basic fertilizer was applied from August to September to the first ten days of November, the young trees applied 2550 kg organic fertilizer or 75 kg green manure per tree, and the big trees applied 2 kg organic fertilizer per kg of fruit. Deep ploughing combined with base fertilizer application was carried out in October. Especially in places with more sand and gravel, it is necessary to expand deep turning, and this work should be done well to ensure stable production. When turning deeply, you should be careful not to hurt the big root.