How to cultivate winter-planted potato

How to cultivate winter-planted potato

Guangdong has the advantage of developing winter potato resources because of its warm and sufficient water source in winter. The earliest winter seed potato on the market in Guangdong is three months earlier than that in other regions. It is the earliest fresh potato in the world and has a market advantage. Winter planting potato is one of the ideal winter crops at present, and it has the advantages of easy cultivation, short production period, low cost, high yield and wide use. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:

I. seed treatment

Sprouting and drying treatment is required before sowing. Potatoes have a dormant period of 60 days after harvest, and all potato seeds that have not germinated have to be germinated. Sprouting method:

1. Disperse storage. After the seed potato is bought back, put the seed potato in a dry and ventilated place and spread it evenly. If part of the potato is found to be rotten, the rotten part should be removed.

2. Cut into pieces. Ten days before planting. The apical bud eye of potato germinates first and can inhibit the germination of the middle and lower bud eyes. if the apical bud is damaged or removed, the other bud eyes will germinate quickly. In order to get more seed potatoes, the potatoes should be cut into pieces. The method is as follows: ① 2.5 two or more large potato cutting method: cross-cut from the middle, the top part is longitudinally cut into 2 Murray 4 pieces, each cutting block has 1 Mel 2 bud holes, and all are connected to the top part. The umbilical part is cut into 2 pieces and 3 pieces. ② 2 left and right cut method: horizontal knife, vertical knife, that is, divided into four pieces. ③ 1 two or so sweet potato cutting method: a longitudinal knife, divided into two pieces. ④ 1 under two sweet potato cut method: cut off 0.6 Lou 0.8 cm at the top, do not cut completely.

3. Cut into pieces and disinfect. Potato seeds cut into pieces with 0.2% carbendazim or chlorothalonil (100 jin of water plus 2 agents) spray disinfection, spray wet. The incision can also be painted with plant ash. Use sand bed to accelerate sprouting after drying.

4. Sand bed to accelerate sprouting. Sprout in a dry and ventilated place indoors. Use clean river sand as a sprouting bed in a ventilated and cool place, spread the cut potato pieces densely on the ground, and then cover with wet river sand 3 cm thick. Lay small tubers densely on the river sand, and then cover it with river sand. Such a layer of small potato cubes and a layer of wet river sand (it is appropriate to lay 2mi 3 layers), and cover it with gunny bags or straw. After 8 days of 6Mel, when most potato pieces germinate buds (buds grow the size of a peanut kernel), they can be sown. In sprouting, we should often check the wettability of river sand, spray water in time if it is too dry, and avoid stagnant water at the bottom.

II. Field cultivation

1. Soil selection. Choose sandy soil with convenient drainage and irrigation and fertile soil. The planting time should be carried out immediately after the late rice was cut, and it was the most ideal from late October to early November. It is not suitable to choose paddy fields with heavy clay and easy hardening. In order to prevent the spread of diseases, avoid continuous cropping with peanuts, tobacco, tomatoes and other eggplant crops.

2. Ditching and bedding, applying sufficient basic fertilizer. The sowing rate per mu is 80ml / 100kg. Generally, 3000 plants are planted per mu. The width of each bed is 1.3 meters, and the width of the border is 80ml. 90cm; double-row planting, with row spacing of 28 cm and plant spacing of 25 cm. It is best to plant in deep trenches and high beds, the ditch depth is about 18mur20cm) and the ditch width is about 45ml 55cm, which is beneficial to drainage and field operation. Apply sufficient base fertilizer: apply sufficient organic fertilizer in the field, apply farm manure 1000 per mu 2000 kg plus phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg compound fertilizer and 5 jin potassium sulfate as base fertilizer, and mix it in the middle of the border.

3. Sow seeds. Open two rows of planting ditches on the border surface, 28 cm apart; put seed potatoes, each seed 25 cm apart, bud eyes upward, covered with soil to cover seeds. Immediately after planting, pour the horse race water until it is 2 inches away from the border surface. Do not soak the border surface. So as not to cause seed potatoes to rot. 1After 2 days, spray weeds on the border with 2 taels of Dur, 2 taels of Russo or 2 taels of Jindu mixed with water, and finally cover with straw.

4. Topdressing in the field. When ① seedlings emerged, 5kg urea, 5kg compound fertilizer and 40 piculs of water were applied per mu. Compound fertilizer should be soaked overnight to facilitate dissolution. When the height of ② seedlings is about 10 cm, 5 kg urea, 5 kg compound fertilizer and 40 piculs of water are applied per mu. And carry out small cultivation. After the closure of ③, urea 5kg / mu, compound fertilizer 7.5kg / mu, 40 piculs of water were applied and soil cultivation was carried out. It is best to use low concentration pig urine to apply frequently and thinly, so that the commodity rate is higher and it is easy to produce. Large cultivation of soil is the key measure to determine the yield of potato, cultivate good soil, make the tuber and tuber expand in the soil, and avoid the emergence of sweet potato.

5. Water management. It is necessary to keep the soil moist after planting to facilitate early emergence of seedlings, so as to keep the soil moist after planting. The surface of the soil in the field is "white" and should be irrigated when the soil is short of water, and the amount of water should be irrigated to half of the height of the border. The ditch bottom of the field is not waterlogged before harvest, only the soil can be kept moist. Rain Water should pay attention to drainage when he is too much, especially there should be no waterlogging in the field 15 days before harvest, so as to prevent the potato pieces from cracking or decay due to excessive water absorption.

6. Pest control. Diseases include blight, soft rot, virus, scab, etc., and pests include aphids, sweet potato stem moths, ladybugs and so on. The high temperature and drought in the early winter growth stage of ① are vulnerable to aphids and can be controlled by dimethoate; other pests such as potato stem moth and ladybug are controlled by trichlorfon 800x, dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times, 2.5% ammonium parathion emulsion 300ml 400 times. Late blight is easy to occur in the middle and later stage of ②. Bordeaux solution of 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 200 (copper sulfate ∶ lime ∶ water) can be used to control the disease as early as possible, and strengthen the field management inspection to remove the diseased plants immediately to prevent the spread of the disease. Chemical control: mancozeb 1000 times or 75% chlorothalonil 600,800 times.