Cultivation Techniques of Potato with High Quality, High Yield and High Efficiency in Hilly and Dry Areas

About 85% of the planting area of potatoes in our province is mainly distributed in hillside and hilly areas, with cold climate, short frost-free period, sufficient light, large temperature difference between day and night, annual rainfall of only about 400 mm, and mostly concentrated in July and August. Drought, windy and large evaporation in spring every year constitute the ecological environmental conditions of drought in ten years and nine droughts. The unfavorable factors of drought and water shortage seriously hinder the development of agricultural production. The five matching techniques of "selecting superior seed and virus-free potato, sowing small whole potato, destroying bud and drying seed, and four deep in one night" centering on drought resistance is a new way to realize high quality, high yield and high efficiency of virus-free potato in hillside and hilly arid areas.

(1) selection of superior species

Virus-free seed potatoes of Jinshu No. 7, Jinshu No. 2, Jinshu No. 1, Zihuabai and Linshu No. 1, which are resistant to degradation, late blight and high and stable yield, were selected.

(2) virus-free seed potato

The utility model has the advantages of overcoming the obvious reduction of small potato yield due to short and thin plants, shrinking leaves or rolling into a barrel shape, and achieving high quality and health, high and stable yield. In general, the increase in production is 50% to 80%, and some even increase exponentially.

(3) whole potato sowing

On the basis of virus-free seed potato, strict selection of walnut size, diameter of 2-4 cm, fresh color, smooth and tender potato skin as seeds.

(4) sprouting and drying seeds

Promoting sprouting and drying seeds of small whole potato, cultivating short and strong internodes and increasing the level of tuber formation can obviously increase the yield of multi-tuber and big potato.

About 20 days before sowing, take out the virus-free seed potato in the storage cellar and put it at room temperature to promote germination. Generally, the room temperature is 15: 20 ℃, good ventilation and light transmission, stacking thickness of 2 or 3 layers, accelerating germination and drying for about 10 days, which can accelerate the emergence of short and strong buds with a length of 0.3 cm and 0.5 cm, gently turn them up and down once, and sow seeds after drying for 7 days. Promoting sprouting and drying seeds can greatly improve the quality of seed potato, which lays a reliable guarantee for the whole seedling, strong seedling and prosperous seedling.

(5) four depths in one night

One night is the right time for late broadcast. The normal sowing date of potatoes was postponed to about 10-15 days. In this way, the peak period of potato tuber expansion can be avoided to catch up with the adverse conditions of high temperature in summer. The production practice has proved that with proper late sowing, the flowering stage and underground tuber expansion period of potato can be consistent with the local rainy season in July and August, and the highest effects of water, fertilizer, light, temperature and gas can be realized. to achieve the purpose of large head, neatness, high quality, high yield and high benefit of healthy potato tubers. Generally speaking, it is more appropriate to sow seeds in the middle of May in Yantong Basin, and the sowing time in the eastern and western mountains and hilly areas of our province can be appropriately advanced.

"Si Shen" fine farming management:

(1) deep ploughing. Deep ploughing soil in autumn, increasing living soil layer, storing water and fertilizer, generally deep ploughing about 30 cm, not only can accept autumn and winter Rain Water, spring sowing drought and seedling protection, autumn rain and spring use, but also because deep ploughing creates a virtual and solid, sufficient fertilizer and water, it creates a good environmental condition for potato root growth and tuber expansion.

(2) Deep sowing. The adoption of appropriate deep planting can not only increase the tuber level of the plant, but also produce more tubers and produce large potatoes. And promote the deep development of plant roots, absorb more water and fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of soil water and fertilizer, and enhance the ability of drought resistance at the same time.

(3) Deep application of ammonium bicarbonate. The amount of fertilizer application should be applied according to the scheduled yield: for every 100 kg tuber production, it is necessary to absorb 0.6 kg of nitrogen, 0.2 kg of phosphorus and 1.5 kg of potassium from the soil to calculate the amount of fertilizer, generally 100 kg of agricultural fertilizer, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate, and retting with agricultural fertilizer, ammonium bicarbonate 50 kg. Production practice has proved that potato sowing combined with deep application of ammonium bicarbonate at the bottom of the plow can play a more obvious effect on increasing production, generally increasing by 30% to 50%.

(4) deep ploughing. Because potato is a tuber crop, it grows and expands in the soil tillage layer, so it not only needs loose soil, which is beneficial to potato expansion, but also requires soil water storage and fertilizer storage and good air permeability. Only in the good environment of water, fertilizer and gas, the characteristics of tuber expansion can be brought into full play. At the same time, deep ploughing and high soil cultivation can also promote the good development of root system and promote the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in soil.