New energy-saving and high-yield technology of mixed culture of lotus root with straw and lotus root fish

In April 2006, Yindu Industry and Trade Science and Technology Ecological Park in Wenshang County, Shandong Province was completed and put into production. The use of waterlogged saline-alkali barren land, through scientific methods, the implementation of multi-dimensional complex structure development, to build a collection of vegetables, forage planting, livestock and poultry breeding, straw culture lotus root pond @ # @ 233 fishing leisure, catering and entertainment and other multi-integrated development of science and technology ecological park, has achieved remarkable economic and ecological benefits. In particular, the new technology of raising lotus root with corn straw popularized in this ecological garden can produce lotus root up to 6000kg per mu, which is 3 ~ 4 times that of traditional lotus root planting. The former corn stalks of many farmers have been burned in vain, which not only pollutes the air, affects health, but also wastes resources, and the new technology of raising lotus root with straw solves this problem. Planting one mu of lotus root will consume 30 mu of corn straw. In this way, the straw can be turned into a treasure. In addition, fish culture in lotus root pond is an optimization model for the development of ecological fishery, which can make three-dimensional development of resources, comprehensive utilization and save energy. Some of its practices are introduced as follows:

I. Construction of lotus root pond

In the middle and last ten days of March, the land with flat terrain, fertile soil and strong water retention was selected, and the length was 30m from east to west, 15m from north to south, and the depth of the pool was 90cm (above ground 40cm, underground 50cm). The pool was built with brick and cement as a unit, and the inner and outer walls of the pool were coated with cement to prevent leakage. The distance between the pool is 25cm. After construction, the bottom of the pool is hardened in proportion with lime and soil.

2. Straw laying

In early April, when the cement pool was dry, corn stalks of neat specifications and uniform length were bundled with ropes, every 4 square meters to 5 square meters as a unit, which was laid vertically and vertically in the east-west direction, with straw thickness of 25cm~30cm, and then backfilled with 25cm~30cm soil and chicken manure. Chicken manure and soil were mixed into one backfill, and chicken manure could be applied to 5 cubic meters to 8 cubic meters per mu. Other fertilizers can be applied according to specific conditions.

Third, lotus root cultivation

It is required that the lotus root is fresh, no cuts and no broken teeth. General planting lotus root species 250kg/ mu ~ 350kg/ mu (this field selected Elian 10 high-quality and high-yield lotus root species), according to the direction of straw laying, the lotus root seeds were obliquely inserted into the straw layer, so as to improve the soil structure at the bottom of the lotus root pond and promote the expansion of the rhizome of the lotus root pond. In addition, combined with the yield-increasing technology of carbon dioxide straw gas fertilizer, a certain proportion of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer bacteria were inoculated in the straw layer to release a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, which fully met the growth needs of pond lotus root and greatly increased the yield of pond lotus root. The use of straw placed horizontally and vertically in the pond can prevent lotus root seedlings from clutching everywhere in the pond, because lotus root seedlings grow in the pond, and only when they encounter obstacles can they begin to form lotus roots, so this is the key to raising lotus roots with straws. it is also the reason why the yield of straw is several times higher than that of ordinary lotus roots, and after soaking and fermentation in the pond, it can also be transformed into organic fertilizer for lotus root growth. This is also one of the factors contributing to the increase in lotus root production.

IV. Fish fry restocking

In late April, when lotus leaves grow out of lotus roots, 7-8 days before fish stocking, 20ppm quicklime milk with concentration is used to sprinkle and disinfect the ponds. After the toxicity disappeared, the fish fry began to be released when the water temperature was maintained above 17 ℃. When stocking, soak with 2%-3% salt water for 5-10 minutes, or soak with 4ppm copper sulfate solution for 10-15 minutes, depending on the tolerance of the fish. The eel species with strong body, no disease, no injury, uniform size, yellow back and dark brown spots were selected for stocking. The specification was about 30 / kg, and 300 ~ 500 eels per mu. Loach seedling specification 0.5g/ tail, strive to be the same size, 600 ~ 800tail per mu. Suitable cultivation of silver carp and bighead carp, the specification is 10 / kg~15 / kg, 500 ~ 700ind / mu. The summer flowers of silver carp and bighead carp were restocked before and after June, with 1000 to 2000 heads per mu, which were used as live bait for eel and Loach.

V. Daily management

1. When feeding, management and feeding should be qualitative, quantitative, timing and positioning. It is generally fed twice a day, at 7: 00 a.m. to 8: 00 a.m. and 15:00 to 17:00 respectively. @ # @ 236 feed is mainly animal feed, such as @ 254fish, shrimp, yellow powder insects or offal of pigs and poultry; plant bait is supplemented, such as bean cake, wheat bran, duckweed, scraps of tofu workshop or compound feed. The feed should be fresh, but the spoiled feed should not be fed. The newly released eel seedlings were first fed with small animal bait, and then fed with compound feed after domestication. Eel seedlings should be released in the lotus root pond, and Loach seedlings should be released after adapting to the compound feed. If eel seedlings and Loach seedlings are released at the same time, it must affect the domestication of eels. Mainly plant feed, such as aquatic plants, vegetable leaves, rice bran, bean cake supplemented with animal bait and formula feed, the feeding amount is 5% of the body weight. For silver carp and bighead carp, fermented dung water was regularly sprinkled into lotus root ponds, plankton was cultivated as bait, dung water 50kg~100kg was sprinkled per mu each time, and high quality plankton bait was provided for Loach.

two。 The water temperature with easy water quality management is the main factor for the common growth and yield increase of lotus root and fish. The general water level should be kept around 30cm, which is beneficial to the growth and development of lotus root and fish. If the water surface is too deep, the lotus root can not get a suitable growth temperature, and the shallow water surface is not conducive to the growth of fish. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the water level, inject water in time, and adjust the water quality.

3. Escape prevention facilities should be set up at the end of June and before the flood season to avoid escaping fish due to pond overflow. Can use screen window or polyethylene net (pay attention to not too large mesh, fish can not escape) a circle along the edge of the pool, the height of 60cm, every 1m~2m can use a thin bamboo rod to support screen window or polyethylene net, the bottom of the bamboo pole covered with soil compaction.

4. The principle of "giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with prevention" should be adhered to in disease prevention and treatment. Quicklime milk should be sprinkled in the whole pond every 15 ~ 20 days with the concentration of 20ppm. The implementation of simultaneous ecological cultivation of eel, Loach, silver carp, bighead carp and lotus root is beneficial to adjust the structure of multi-compound culture, improve the water environment, and has a good effect of ecological disease prevention, and is generally not easy to get sick. Usually pay attention to the prevention and control of common diseases of eel and Loach, such as skin rot, skin mildew, rotting tail disease, capillary nematode disease, etc., and pay attention to strengthen inspection in the early stage of growth to drive away biological enemies such as waterfowl, rats, frogs and snakes.

VI. Timely capture

Silver carp and bighead carp can be harvested from "the Autumn Equinox" to "the Winter Solstice", generally yielding silver carp and bighead carp 150kg~200kg per mu. In September, eel cages and other tools can be used to catch eel and Loach; harvested before overwintering, one by one with both hands can be taken out of mud. If it is left for sale before and after the Spring Festival, it is necessary to do a good job of anti-freezing during the overwintering period and cover it with drainage if necessary. If overwintering with water, the water layer should not be too shallow to prevent icing. Monopterus Albus can grow to 30cm~40cm after being seeded and raised for 3 months. Generally, the catch of eel and loach is about 160kg per mu, and the average yield of lotus root is 4000kg~6000kg per mu. The annual total income of lotus root and recultured fish can reach an average of 8000 yuan to 12000 yuan per mu, which is 50% and 70% higher than that of monoculture.

VII. Analysis and discussion

1. The output of raising lotus root with straw in cement pond is 3 ~ 4 times that of traditional planting lotus root, the key lies in changing the structure of lotus root pond, cement pool is beneficial to management and water temperature, and it can be used repeatedly for more than 10 years, which reduces repeated construction and saves cost. it is not easy to be too big or too small when it is built.

two。 Laying straw, planting lotus root in "industrial" shape according to the direction of straw conforms to the growth habits of lotus root, in addition, straw heat preservation, air permeability, easy to pick lotus root, and can also be used as fertilizer after decay, which is also one of the main factors for lotus root yield increase.

3. We should adhere to the principle of "giving priority to lotus root and taking fish as secondary", properly adjust the density of fish, and monoculture can also be carried out, but it is not easy to release more, because the water temperature of lotus leaves often fails to meet the requirements, so that fish can not meet the commodity specifications and directly affect the economic benefits.

4. The development of straw to raise lotus root can not only greatly improve the yield and benefit of lotus root, but also consume a lot of crop straw, turn crop straw into treasure, avoid the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by straw burning, and promote the development of rural local economy. it is a new practical vegetable planting technology to build a new socialist countryside and increase farmers' income.