Control measures of Cotton aphids in the Yellow River Basin
Aphids, also known as greasy insects and honey insects, are one of the main pests on cotton in China. Cotton aphids damaged in cotton fields can be divided into seedling aphids and summer aphids. Seedling aphids occur before emergence to budding, and the temperature is suitable for low temperature. when the temperature exceeds 27 ℃, the reproduction is inhibited and the insect population decreases rapidly. aphids that often occur from early July to mid-August are called "summer aphids". The average temperature of 3 days is 24-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is 55%-85%, which is beneficial to the proliferation of "aphids"; the weather when it is sunny and rainy is the most suitable for "aphids" to breed; and the continuous overcast and rain for 5-6 days has a significant inhibitory effect.
In general, the occurrence of single cropping cotton field is early and heavy, while that of intercropping cotton field is relatively late. The nutritional conditions of cotton plants have an effect on the occurrence of aphids. Aphids are more harmful to cotton plants with high nitrogen content. In addition, the natural enemies of cotton aphids can effectively control their damage, and their damage can be basically controlled when the total number of enemies and the number of cotton aphids is 1: 40. & nbsp cotton aphid control is mainly agricultural control and biological control, supplemented by chemical control.
1. Agricultural prevention and control & nbsp
(1) intercropping and interplanting can increase the species and number of natural enemies and control the damage of aphids. Such as intercropping of cotton and wheat; intercropping of cotton with mung beans and green manure; planting corn, rape, sorghum and other attractive crops by flower arrangement. (2) Paddy-upland rotation can reduce the occurrence of cotton aphid. Where conditions permit, rotation of cotton and rice will be carried out. (3) treatment of overwintering hosts to reduce the source of aphids in early spring. Generally, weeds inside and outside the cotton field are removed before the cotton seedlings are unearthed.
2. Chemical control
The main results are as follows: (1) selecting aphid-resistant cotton seeds coated with anti-aphid seed coating agent can effectively control seedling aphids and protect lady beetles, the natural enemy of aphids. If imidacloprid and acetamiprid are used at the seedling stage, cotton farmers are encouraged to choose aphid-resistant cotton seeds, which can not only save labor but also control insects. (2) alternately using 3% acetamiprid EC, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 2.5% pyridine EC diluted 1500 to 2000 times can delay the emergence of aphid drug resistance.
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Scientific control of soybean aphids
Soybean aphids are commonly known as greasy worms and honey worms. It is mainly concentrated on the growth point of soybean, the top leaf and the back of young leaves, and the harm of sucking juice. It can not only cause leaf curl, plant dwarfing, reduce yield, but also spread virus disease, resulting in yield and quality decline. The insect began to appear in the soybean field in the middle and late June, and the damage was serious during high temperature and drought. Soybean aphids have great reproductive capacity, and a female can reproduce 50-60. Under suitable conditions, small aphids can give birth in about 4-5 days, and can reproduce on soybean for 15% of the year.
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Control techniques of soybean aphids
Soybean aphids belong to the family Homoptera, which is the main pest in soybean producing areas of Huachuan County. The occurrence period of soybean aphids has been advanced in the past two years, and the damage has also been aggravated. Soybean aphids tend to tender. soybean aphids concentrate on the top leaves, tender leaves and tender stems of the plant with adults and nymphs, which can not only cover the stems and leaves, but also damage the tender pods. When the plant was seriously damaged, the leaves curled, the root system was stunted and yellowed, the plant was short, the branches and pods decreased, and the 1000-grain weight decreased. If the occurrence at the seedling stage is not controlled in time, the light will be reduced by 20% to 30%, and the weight will be reduced by 20% to 30%.
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