New techniques for high yield of soybean with four changes and one increase

The traditional ploughing and sowing method of planting soybean, the row is narrow, too dense, coupled with many other reasons, the yield has always hovered around 100~150kg. After years of experimental research, we have explored a new way to increase soybean production by more than 40%, that is, "four changes and one increase" technology.

In order to increase soybean yield, we should not only select new varieties with high quality and high yield, but also pay attention to crop rotation. According to the experiment, after continuous cropping for many years, soybean showed slow growth, short plant, yellow lower leaves, early defoliation, few pods and small seeds. The experiment also proved that the yield of continuous cropping (continuous cropping) for more than 3 years can be reduced by 20% to 30%, or even more, and the yield of continuous cropping for 2 years can be reduced by more than 30%, so rotation is of great significance in soybean production. In order to realize the high yield and super high yield of soybean, the new cultivation technique of "four changes and one increase" should be carried out on this basis. The specific measures for "four changes and one increase" are:

First, change the narrow behavior and wide line of traditional broadcasting

To change the narrow behavior of traditional sowing, the wide row of 40~45cm is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, reduce canopy closure in the field, prevent soybean from falling flowers and pods, and provide favorable space and conditions for the normal growth of soybean; easy to operate, it can block the middle leg of sowing to increase the row spacing, which saves labor and seeds, and lays the foundation for intercropping and seedling setting, and is convenient for field management.

Second, change the traditional seedling into a single plant with equal distance and reasonable close planting.

In most areas, soybean production management is relatively extensive, there is no habit of interplanting, often the density is too high, the field is closed, flowers and pods fall, resulting in reduced yield. The density depends on different plots, sowing time and varieties. Specifically, fertile land should be sparse, thin land should be dense; early sowing should be sparse, late sowing should be dense; spring sowing should be sparse, summer sowing should be dense; varieties with large leaf type and branches should be sparse, leaflet type, branch less and convergent should be dense; late-maturing varieties should be sparse and early-maturing varieties should be dense. For example, the summer sowing density of Ludou 2, Gaofeng 1, 84-5, Ludou 4 and Zaoshu 1 in southern Shandong is 14 ~ 20 000 plants / 667m2, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is between 8~10cm.

Third, change from no fertilization to seed fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer at flowering and podding stage.

For many years, most farmers have no habit of fertilizing soybeans. According to our experiment, the seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate (10~15kg/667m2) was applied deeply during sowing, the nitrogen fertilizer of pure nitrogen 2~3kg/667m2 was applied at flowering and podding stage, and 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves of other drugs since soybean flowering, and the yield was increased by 20% to 30% per lOd.

Fourth, change from non-watering to timely watering

The proverb "soybean blossoms, fish fish and shrimp" shows that soybean needs the most water in the three periods of flowering, podding and bulging. At this time, sufficient water can reduce the shedding of flowers and pods, increase pods, increase grains and increase grain weight. From late August to September, the general year is relatively dry. According to our experiments, timely watering can increase the yield by 10%, 25%, or even 30%, 50%).

5. Increase the application of plant growth regulators

During the flowering, podding and grain filling stage of soybean, the scientific use of plant growth regulators has obvious effect on grain filling and grain weight increase. Zengchanling and triacontanol are hormones that promote the growth of soybean, while dwarf is the substance that inhibits the growth of soybean. The correct use of them can effectively increase the yield of soybean. The usage is as follows: Yanchang Lingneng dissolves in water or alcohol, in the place where the growth is not luxuriant, use 0.001g Yanchang Ling in a small amount of alcohol at full flowering stage, add water 35~100kg, spray 60kg per 667m2, spray again after 7 days, can increase flowers and pods, increase 100-grain weight. Or use triacontanol, the concentration is 0.1mg/kg, spray twice, the plant is smaller in the early flowering stage, 20kg is sprayed per 667m2, the plant is larger in the flowering stage, and 40kg is sprayed per 667m2.

In the high-yield and super-high-yield cultivation of soybean, the growth of soybean is too luxuriant because of large fertilizer and water, and the high yield is often caused by falling flowers and pods due to lodging in the later stage. The use of daizhuangsu can prevent lodging caused by overgrowth, protect flowers and promote pods, and increase production significantly. The method of use is that on the fields cultivated with high fertilizer and water, using 0.125% Daizhuangsu at the initial stage of soybean flowering, spraying 30kg per 667m2, generally increasing the yield by 10% to 20%, and the fields with serious culm length lodging can increase the yield by more than 30%. However, it should be paid special attention that many plant growth regulators have different effects on the physiological regulation of crops at different concentrations, and improper use will be counterproductive. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the ratio of concentration in the process of use.