Artificial cultivation techniques of traditional Chinese Medicine Asarum

Asarum planted in Tieling area, called Liao Asarum, is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine native to Changbai Mountains. It mainly contains essential oil, asarone, palmitic acid, asarine, methyl eugenol and so on. The whole herb can be used as medicine. it is a good medicine for dispelling wind and cold and carrying water steam. it has the effects of analgesia, sedation, sweating, phlegm and so on. It is also used to extract insect repellents.

1 biological characteristics

Asarum seeds have a short life span, and the seeds germinated after sowing can take root quickly, but they will not be unearthed in the same year and will not emerge until the spring of the second year. Naturally matured seeds, whose embryos are not yet fully mature, need to be ripened for 45 to 60 days in soil or sandy soil with a moisture content of 30% to 70%. Asarum is a negative plant, which is afraid of direct sunlight at noon in summer, so it must be shaded to cultivate Asarum on flat land. But excessive shading is also bad for its growth. According to observation, there was no shade before May 20 (Lesser Fullness of Grain), but shade must be provided after late May. Asarum grows well in slightly acidic or neutral soils with high humus content, which requires good environmental conditions of moist, loose and well drained soil.

2 cultivation techniques

2.1 Land preparation. Artificial cultivation of Asarum should choose plots with fertile soil, high content of organic matter, no stagnant water and convenient management and care, because Asarum's life cycle is relatively long, and it takes at least 5 years from planting to harvesting and selling large goods. Therefore, in order to manage Asarum and materials, fences or courtyard walls must be built to prevent damage to nature and human beings and animals.

2.2 soil preparation, fertilization and bed making. After the Asarum plot is selected, the soil preparation, fertilization and bed should be carried out before planting. First remove the previous stubble, apply 2000 kg of rotten high-quality manure per mu, spread evenly and then turn 20cm deep, make a bed 1.2m wide, the length of the bed is 15cm 20m or according to the topography, leave a footpath ditch 30cm wide.

2.3 raising seedlings. The practice of seeding bed is the same as that of planting bed, and the sowing methods are strip sowing and sowing. Sow 150 grams per square meter, cover 1 cm with sifted humus soil, and sprinkle a layer of dry leaves or a thin layer of straw on top to keep the seedling bed moist. When sowing, the horizontal interval is about 10 cm, the ditch depth is 2 cm to 3 cm, the sowing rate is 75 cm to 100 grams per square meter, and the soil cover is 1 cm to 1.5 cm, which is also covered with dead leaves or straw. Asarum began to emerge in the spring of the second year after sowing. Shading should be carried out from the beginning of seedling emergence, and weeding and loosening soil should always be done well. It can be planted in the autumn of the third year.

2.4 colonization

2.4.1 planting period. It can be planted in both spring and autumn, and it takes place in spring when the bud does not sprout in the middle and last ten days of April. Autumn takes place from late September to early October.

2.4.2 planting density. After making the planting bed, it should be planted according to the row spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm. In order to harvest one year in advance, when the seedling source is sufficient, the density can be increased and planted according to the plant spacing of 20 cm × 10 cm. Dig a trench 10 cm deep and plant 2 trees in each hole. When planting, stretch the root system, lift the seedling and straighten the seedling, let the Reed head (bud) be in a position 3 cm below the surface, bear fruit, and then water it. After the water sinks, cultivate the soil and seal it. Then, sprinkle a layer of semi-rotten withered branches and leaves or chopped straw between the plants and rows to prevent heavy rain from scouring the border and hardening in the sun.

2.4.3 colonization. Planting in the growing season, rice straw should be padded under the leaves after planting to prevent the leaves from being dried and rotted by high temperature burns on the soil surface, along with planting, watering and shading, so as to prevent the leaves from drying up and shorten the slow seedling period. Once the leaves of Asarum seedlings dry up, new leaves can not occur in the same year, which will cause the whole plant to die because of no leaves, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges.

2.5 Field management

2.5.1 build a shed for shade. At present, there are two ways to shade. One is to build a frame with wooden poles and cover it with corn stalks. The frame is as wide as the border, equal in length and 80 cm high. The other is to use steel wire or bamboo as an arch, 2 meters apart, covered with black plastic sunshade net. The light transmittance of sunshade net and corn stalk should be adjusted according to the season and the age of Asarum seedlings. 1 ~ 2 years after planting, the seedling age is small and the canopy density is poor, so the light transmittance is 40%. After 3 years of planting, the seedling age is older, the canopy density is high, the light transmittance should be higher, and 50% is appropriate. In order to increase the exposure of scattered light in the morning and evening, if you use a plastic sunshade net, leave 20-30cm uncovered at the bottom corner.

2.5.2 fertilization and irrigation. Asarum is a kind of perennial herb with slow growth. It can not be harvested until 4-5 years after transplanting. In order to make Asarum grow quickly and have high yield, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer and cover the head manure before freezing every year, and irrigation should be carried out in dry weather.

2.5.3 loosening soil, weeding and cultivating soil. Asarum loosens the soil and weeds 3 or 4 times a year in the process of growing. Loosen the soil in time after irrigation to prevent the border surface from cracking. Soil consolidation and soil cultivation should be carried out at the same time of loosening the soil and weeding.

2.5.4 overwintering management. Before freezing in autumn, when the leaves of Asarum dried up, you can remove the sunshade net, combined with autumn fertilization, "cover dung" 1 cm, to cultivate soil to prevent cold.

2.5.5 seed harvesting and storage. Asarum begins to blossom and bear fruit in the third year after planting, and seeds can be harvested. Asarum seeds mature in early June, the mature fruit will naturally crack and the seeds will fall to the ground. It is necessary to change the skin of the fruit from green to white and the pulp is powdery, that is, when the fruit is pinched by hand, the fruit becomes a little soft and ready to crack, and the seeds are not yet harvested by stages. After harvest, rub off the seed coat, wash the seeds with clean water, and sow the seeds. If you cannot sow for the time being, mix the seeds with 5 times the fine sand, keep 30% to 50% moisture, and sow after 45 days of ripening.

3 harvesting and processing

Asarum can be harvested after 4 or 5 years of planting. The harvest is usually carried out in the growing season from late July to mid-August. Dig out the whole plant of Asarum with a pick during harvest, shake off the soil, do not wash it with water to maintain the aroma of the root, dry it or leave it in a ventilated and cool place to dry, you can store it in storage or @ # @ 136.

4 points for attention

4.1 the arch spacing of the sunshade net should not exceed 2 meters and should be fixed into a tunnel shape so that the strong wind will not damage the sunshade net and lose the shading function.

4.2 when Asarum seedlings are small at the initial stage of planting, weeds in the field should be removed in time to prevent seedling famine.