High-yield cultivation techniques of Angelica sinensis

Angelica sinensis, also known as Qin Gui, Minshan Gui, Xidang Angelica, Yungui, contains a variety of volatile oils, the main components are n-butenylacyllactone, Songben lactone, carvacrol, Angelica aromatic ketone, palmitic acid, sesquiterpene A, B and so on. Root medicine has the effect of regulating menstruation and relieving pain, moistening dryness and smooth intestines, breaking blood stasis and giving birth to new. it is a commonly used gynecological medicine in traditional Chinese medicine. With the continuous development of traditional Chinese medicine in China and the "fever of traditional Chinese medicine" around the world, the demand for traditional Chinese medicine is increasing day by day. Angelica, as a large number of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has an extremely broad market prospect. it is a new way for farmers in alpine mountainous areas of Yunnan Province to shake off poverty and become rich.

1. Feature characteristics

(1) Botanical characteristics

When belonging to the perennial herb of Umbelliferae, the plant height is 80ml 150cm, the main root is fleshy, stout, cylindrical, several to more than ten branches, the root length is 30m / 35cm, the epidermis is yellow, and the growth period is more than 780 days.

(2) growth habits

Angelica likes the cool and humid environment, and has special requirements for environmental conditions. It grows well in the natural environment with high air humidity in the mountainous area of 2600mi 2800m above sea level in Yunnan. When it belongs to low-temperature and long-day plants, when it changes from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in the process of growth and development, it is necessary to go through the low-temperature stage of 0temperature 39th E and the long sunshine stage of more than 12 hours. Angelica likes shade and avoids direct sunlight in the seedling stage, and the shade degree is 80%, 90%, and then gradually increases the transmittance. Angelica is strict on temperature. When the average temperature reaches 5 ℃ 8 ℃, Angelica sinensis seeds (annual roots for reproduction) begin to sprout, 9 ℃ 10 ℃ begins to emerge, shoot and root grow rapidly when the average temperature is more than 14 ℃, growth slows again when the average temperature reaches 16 ℃ in August, shoot begins to senescence when the average temperature drops to 8 ℃ from September to October, nutrients transfer to the root, and root growth enters the second peak. From the end of October to the beginning of November, the shoot withered and the fleshy root was dormant. Angelica sinensis has a higher demand for water in the whole growing period. Sufficient Rain Water is required in the seedling stage, and the second year of growth is more resistant to drought, but sufficient water is also the main condition for high yield. Too little Rain Water will increase the bolting rate, while too much Rain Water is easy to accumulate water, reduce the ground temperature, affect the growth and prone to root rot. It is better to plant Angelica sinensis in sandy loam and semi-shady and semi-sunny wasteland with deep soil layer, loose fertility, good drainage, rich humus and semi-sunny wasteland.

2. Cultivation techniques.

(1) Land selection and preparation

Selection and arrangement of ① seedling sites. In Yunnan, it is appropriate to choose a cool, moist hillside or flat land at an altitude of 2800 mi 3200 meters, and a loose and fertile sandy loam as a nursery ground. After selecting the nursery land, plough the turf in time, shovel up the turf with the soil and dry it in April-May, pile it into a hollow pile inside, put firewood and grass in it, and spread it evenly after burning the firewood into the soil. Before sowing, apply 2500000 kilograms of farm manure per mu combined with the whole land, turn it into the soil as base fertilizer, level the land to make soil moisture 1 meter wide, and sow immediately.

Selection and arrangement of ② transplanting site the mature land of large black soil and chicken dung soil should be selected for Angelica sinensis planting land. In the previous crop, it is better to use @ # 245 wheat, rye, highland barley and hemp. After harvesting, the previous crop should be raked once in time to make the soil weathered. Before planting, the soil should be raked again, and 2500m3 kg farm manure should be applied as base fertilizer per mu, and then seedlings can be planted by raking flat plots.

(2) cultivate strong seedlings

① leaves seed. Three-year-old Angelica sinensis plants were selected as seed plants. in autumn, Angelica sinensis flowers were harvested in batches when the seeds were pink and white, tied into small handlebars and hung in a ventilated place, threshed after drying and stored.

Sow seeds on ②. The sowing date is determined according to the altitude and climatic conditions of the producing area. Sowing time: Yunnan in mid-late June. Sowing rate: 4m / mu, 5kg / mu. Sowing method: the arranged nursery ground should be divided into a horizontal trench with a depth of 5cm according to the row spacing of 20cm, and the bottom of the trench should be flat. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 30 ℃ of warm water for 24 hours, then remove them to dry, mix with plant ash 10 times that of the seeds, spread it evenly in the sowing ditch, cover with fine soil about 1 cm thick, and then cover the grass 2 / 3 cm thick.

③ seedling management. Angelica sinensis sowing to keep the soil moist, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, generally 15 Murray 20 days to emerge seedlings, when the seedling height of about 1 cm, the cover of the grass will be gradually removed. When the height of the seedling is about 3 cm, there are 3 true leaves and pull out the weeds, so that the distance between the seedlings is about 1 cm. In the middle stage of seedling growth, human feces and urine can be properly applied to promote seedling growth.

④ storage. In late October, dig up the plant and tie it into a small handle weighing about 200 grams, cut off the leaves, dry off part of the moisture, and store it when the moisture reaches 60%-65%. Stacking: in a smoke-free room, first lay a layer of 5mur7cm thick new dry soil on the ground, put a layer of angelica seedlings tied into small handfuls, and fill the gaps with soil, compacted, and then lay out a layer of soil and six layers of seedlings in turn. This method is suitable for the storage of young Angelica seedlings, but not for large seedlings, and the seedlings have strong drought resistance. Cellar storage: choose a cool and dry place, dig a rectangular cellar according to the amount of seedlings, spread a layer of about 5cm new soil at the bottom of the cellar, put a layer of angelica root seedlings tied into small handfuls on the soil, fill them with soil, lay out a layer of soil and seedlings, and then put 6mur7 layers in turn, then pile ~ 3t above the ground at the top to prevent stagnant water, and dig drainage ditches around the cellar. Using this method to store seedlings, the cold resistance of seedlings is poor. Sealed storage: using wooden buckets, plastic buckets, iron buckets as containers, using the method of one layer of soil and one layer of seedlings, filling and compacting without leaving gaps, after burying, sealed, placed in a cool, dry and low temperature place, the temperature was kept at 1 Mel 5 ℃, in order to promote Angelica seedlings to complete the vernalization stage.

(3) transplanting

It is more appropriate to transplant in the first and middle of April every year, and it is easy to suffer frost prematurely. If it is too late, the seedlings have already sprouted, which will reduce the survival rate. When transplanting, according to the row spacing 25x30 cm triangular cross pond, pond depth of about 20 cm, 3 seedlings per pond, showing a zigzag arrangement. While planting, cover the soil tightly, cover the soil all over the pond and rake flat to avoid stagnant water.