Production and Market Analysis of out-of-season Lentinus edodes

Lentinus edodes out of season is carried out in high temperature season by using natural conditions such as caves, civil air defense fortifications or facilities such as constant temperature cold storage from May to October. Now, cooling equipment is often used in existing cold storage (constant temperature storage) or ordinary greenhouse for out-of-season cultivation. The main technical points are as follows:

1 facility treatment: common edible mushroom greenhouse, clean up immediately after the completion of spring production, clean up the original bag, clean the shed, check and repair the greenhouse film, spray appropriate amount of medicine to sterilize, then, set up a mushroom rack according to the height of about 25-35 cm, each shelf has about 5-7 layers, and the top of the shelf is connected and fixed with thin bamboo poles. After it is confirmed, the shed is filled with clean water. After the water seeps, sprinkle the lime powder in the shed, and the bacteria bag can be moved to the shelf. The shelf setting and disinfection and sterilization in the cold storage can be carried out with reference to the above.

2 reducing temperature: at present, the "multi-function water temperature and air conditioner" can be used for production, which can be used not only for cooling production in summer, but also for heating and cultivation in winter, with two uses of one machine, obvious energy saving and excellent effect. In 2004, the demonstration application was carried out in the edible fungus base of our unit, and the culture temperature was reduced to 20: 25 ℃ from July to August, and the effect was very good. One can be installed in every 150 square meters of greenhouse. According to the different growth stages of Lentinus edodes, the temperature can be adjusted at 15-25 ℃ in the cold storage, and it can be reduced to about 8 ℃ if necessary.

(3) Color conversion management: conventional production procedures carry out strain production and bacterial bag production. After all the bacteria are produced, the white bacterial bag "well" shape code can be high, and covered with plastic film, grass cloak, etc., to make it warm up at the same time, by adjusting the coverage of grass and plastic film and uncovering at night, on the one hand, to promote the white hyphae on the surface of the bacterial bag to lodge, and second, to increase the temperature difference of the bacterial bag, so as to promote its color change as soon as possible. In this stage, if possible, the temperature difference can be widened to more than 20 ℃ to accelerate and promote uniform color conversion.

4 adjusting temperature and promoting bud: after completing the color-changing bacterial bag, after replenishing water treatment, it can be moved into the shed with an interval of about 5 cm and discharged in a single layer, which is cooled by a "multi-function water temperature and air conditioner". After 1 or 2 days, high temperature stimulation is carried out, combined with water and light stimulation in the shed, small mushroom buds appear in about a week. After that, keep regular use of water and minimize the humidity difference to ensure the continuous emergence of mushroom buds. The basic management indicators of this stage are: the temperature is kept between 20: 30 ℃ and the temperature difference is about 10: 15 ℃; the air humidity is between 75 and 95%, because the cover of Lentinus edodes is thicker and adapts to the larger humidity difference, so there is no need to worry that excessive humidity difference will lead to death; by adjusting the cover of the roof, the light intensity in the shed can be kept at 300 ~ 1200 lux; appropriate ventilation to keep the fresh air in the shed.

5 mushroom management: because the plastic film of the mushroom bag is thick, the mushroom bud can not break out by itself, so the plastic film needs to be cut manually, the method is: in the place where the mushroom bud occurs, cut the plastic film with a small blade, be careful not to hurt the mushroom bud, if the management is careful, the plastic film can be cut into a round opening along the mushroom bud, so that deformed mushrooms can be avoided to the maximum extent. After the young bud protrudes, it enters the mushroom production management stage, which should be maintained: the temperature is 20: 28 ℃, the humidity is between 75 and 95%, the light is about 500-1000 lux and proper ventilation; when the diameter of the cap is more than 2 cm, the mushroom body can be directly sprayed with three-dimensional nutrients of edible fungi. When the edge of the lid of Lentinus edodes is still rolling down (the edge of the gong), but there is a tendency to unfold, it should be harvested in time. Note that to a certain extent, the temperature in the greenhouse and "foliar fertilization" at this stage will determine the quality of Lentinus edodes.

6 low tide management: the tide of Lentinus edodes is more obvious, when the first tide of mushrooms is harvested, the water loss of bacteria bags is more serious, so it is necessary to replenish water and sample bacteria, and then can manage and harvest Lentinus edodes. The common method of replenishing water is to use the original ditch, canal, pit or dig a soil pit, spread plastic film inside, discharge the bacterial bag, when it is about 20 centimeters away from the upper edge, spread a plastic film to make it concave, fill it with water in the concave type, and form a certain pressure, then fill the pit of the bacterial bag with water, after filling up, maintain for 24 hours, you can drain water, put the bacterial bag on the shelf of mushroom production, and refer to the aforementioned management. Generally, it can collect 4-5 tide mushrooms, the biological efficiency is about 80%, and the high one can be more than 110%.

Second, some problems will inevitably occur in any production, and the same is true of out-of-season shiitake mushrooms. in the process of growth management, prevention should be given priority to, and once problems arise, they should be dealt with in a timely manner to provide the greatest guarantee for high-yield and high-quality production:

-- the cap is small and thin: the cap is so thin and small that it cannot grow even if the mushroom is older, and there is no special flavor of Lentinus edodes when eating fresh. Prevention and control measures: if there is no bacterial bag that changes color, we must regulate and control the conditions to change color; if the base material is not nutritious enough, you can add three-dimensional nutrients when soaking the bag, and you can also take the method of "foliar fertilization", such as spraying three-dimensional nutrients, it can effectively thicken the thickness of the bacterial cover; if the summer temperature is high, effective cooling measures should be taken, and if "water-cooled air conditioning" is used, there is no such worry.

-- cover lamp shape: the cover is in the shape of a pointed lampshade and is obviously thin, resulting in a serious decline in the quality of the goods. The main reason is the same as above, therefore, we can refer to the above for prevention and treatment.

-- the cap is wavy: the edge of the cap shows a regular wave shape, and it is obviously thinner and more brittle. The control measure is to maintain a relatively peaceful temperature and humidity after the occurrence of mushroom buds, especially in out-of-season cultivation in summer, the temperature of the mushroom shed is often the basic condition for the normal development of fruiting bodies.

-- the cap is not round: it is specifically characterized by the twist of the cap, or narrow, or triangular, and so on. In short, unrounded is its main feature. Prevention and control measures: cut the film in time, and carry out bud thinning treatment, generally choose only 1 or 2 young buds, do not make too many.

The stalk is hollow: the stalk is slender and hollow, resulting in a very small cap. Prevention and control measures: after each harvest, the bubble bag treatment should be carried out, which can be soaked for 24 hours to restore the original weight; keep the air humidity in the mushroom shed above 85%.

-- the stalk grows from the crack: when the moisture content of the bacterial bag is too low, the base material cracks, and after forming a long and narrow crack, the fruiting body can grow out of the crack, and some of them are not even drilled completely, and the bacterial cap grows in the crack, and finally can not realize its commercial value. The control measure is to persist in soaking the mushroom bag after harvest to prevent it from forming cracks.

Twisted stalk: this phenomenon is easy to occur when the air humidity in the mushroom shed is on the low side, the light is strong or the light angle changes too frequently. As long as the air humidity is relatively stable and the light is stable, a scattered light of 1000 lux is generally required.

Candle mushroom: candle mushroom is characterized by the bare stalk, there is no normal cap tissue, shaped like a candle. Prevention and control measures: cut the film in time; be careful not to hurt the buds when thinning buds; adhere to better ventilation to maintain fresh air conditions in the shed.

Third, the Lentinus edodes market last year was generally booming in production and marketing. The price of dry products skyrocketed from November to January this year, which was 150% higher than that in October. The highest price of out-of-season products (supermarkets) reached 18 yuan (kg, the same below), the wholesale price of farmers' market remained at 6-8 yuan, and the market retail price remained between 8-12 yuan. The lowest price dropped to about 5 yuan in May, but it was maintained for a short time. From the analysis of information feedback and comprehensive analysis of local production habits and the technical level of mushroom farmers, the production quantity of out-of-season Lentinus edodes this year will increase to a certain extent compared with last year, but due to the constraints of technology, investment, raw materials and other factors, the increase will not be very large, generally it should be about 20%. It is estimated that in June, the price of out-of-season fresh Lentinus edodes will remain at about 7 yuan, reaching 810 yuan from mid-July to August, and the price of fresh Lentinus edodes in supermarkets can be maintained at more than 12 yuan. and showing a strong or increasing trend. Such a high price first shows that consumers have known and understood Lentinus edodes, and secondly, it also shows that our production quantity is still on the low side. Thirdly, with the improvement of people's income level, Lentinus edodes, which has a reputation of "anti-cancer food" in foreign markets, is also reasonable to raise prices sharply in the market.