Off-season cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in high temperature period

The price of edible fungi cultivated in off-season is often 4-6 times higher than that in conventional season, and the benefit is quite significant. How to do a good job in the cultivation of high-temperature out-of-season edible fungi, our institute has explored the technology of high-temperature out-of-season cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in recent years. The results show that the out-of-season cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus has the advantages of high success rate, short time, quick mushroom production and easy management. generally, the biological conversion rate is more than 90% after 15-20 days, and the cycle is short and the benefit is remarkable. The introduction is as follows:

1 the cultivation time is arranged for the conventional cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, which usually stops on the market in the middle of May every year; the out-of-season cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus should choose to start sowing on May 1 of each year, sowing to the middle and late July, and can be sowed continuously in stages and batches in these three months, usually after sowing for 20 days.

(2) the cultivated varieties are mainly planted with "Xinxuan No.1" and "Pinggao No.1", which are resistant to high temperature, transportation, good quality and high yield. these two varieties are generally resistant to high temperature of more than 33 ℃ (local varieties can be selected according to conditions). It takes only 12 to 15 days from sowing to mushroom production, and the yield is concentrated, and the biological conversion rate is more than 90%.

(3) the construction of the mushroom shed must first be built in the place of ventilation, sunshade, high terrain and convenient water source, and the north-south direction is the best; secondly, the juice of the mushroom shed should be well ventilated and covered by sunshade. If possible, a layer of 90% sunshade net can be added at the height of 1-1.5 m above the mushroom shed.

4 production of Pleurotus ostreatus strains to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus in high temperature season requires the use of cottonseed shell strains, and the cultivated species require the addition of 30% corncob in the cottonseed shell material to increase the permeability of the material, accelerate the growth of bacteria, and avoid excessive age. At the same time, the high temperature produced by the strain bag during mycelium culture was avoided and the germplasm was affected.

(5) the choice of mixing, bagging and inoculating ① plastic bags, and choosing 24cm × 45cm × 0.015cm low-pressure polyethylene plastic bags. ② culture material formula: cotton pill husk 60%, corncob 30%, wheat bran (coarse rice bran) 7%, lime 3%, trimethoprim 0.1%. Cotton husk 30%, corncob 60%, wheat bran (coarse rice bran) 5%, lime 3%, phosphate fertilizer 1.5%, mushroom Dazhuang 0.5%, chlorpromazine 0.1%. When mixing materials in high temperature season, the moisture content should be controlled, no more than 65%, and the fermented material method should be used to ensure that the planting success rate is more than 95%. During fermentation, the fermentation heap temperature should be controlled at 60-65 ℃, the material should be turned once a day (the pile must be turned evenly), and bagging can be carried out after turning the pile for 3-4 times in a row. When bagging, the temperature of the material dropped below 30 ℃, the bacteria were placed at both ends of the bag, and two layers of bacteria were inoculated (the amount of inoculation should reach 15% 20%, and the multi-layer inoculation should be changed into two layers of inoculation). On the second day of inoculation, 1 inch iron nail was used to fasten the hole at both ends of the bag, punch 7 to 8 holes, breathable and increase oxygen to speed up the speed of bacteria generation.

6 the management of bacteria and mushroom put the packed cultivation bag into the cultivation shed, put the bacteria in a single position, forbid three-dimensional bacteria, strictly control the temperature of bacteria not more than 35 ℃, the highest not more than 36 ℃, if the temperature in the shed is high, strengthen ventilation and spray water to cool down. Mushroom production management: first, put 3-4 layers of cultivation bags with good bacteria, and put two long bamboo slices with wide 5cm between each layer to facilitate heat dissipation; the second is to improve air humidity, ensure air relative humidity above 85%, and ensure air circulation, so that the commercial character of Pleurotus ostreatus is good. Pay attention to strengthen ventilation in case of cloudy and rainy days.

7 timely harvest of Pleurotus ostreatus planted at high temperature and out of season is immediately harvested when it reaches medium well, early harvest affects yield, too late harvest, affects commodity characters, in principle, it is better to be picked early than late.

8 Note ① cultivation in batches: when cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus in high temperature season, you must sow Pleurotus ostreatus in stages and batches, each time 1500~2500kg, one batch per week, it is not suitable to concentrate large-scale one-time feeding. This is not only easy to manage, but also can achieve higher economic benefits. ② disease control: in recent years, the "yellow mushroom disease" caused by bacterial diseases of Pleurotus ostreatus has a great impact on the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. If it is light, it can reduce the yield, and if it is serious, it can cause no harvest. Especially in the high temperature season, high temperature and humidity is very easy to cause the occurrence of bacterial diseases, so we must pay attention to prevention. The method of prevention is: after starting to produce mushrooms, one is to spray the site with 700-800 times liquid of "germicidal + germicidal" every 5-7 days to disinfect and prevent the site; second, it is forbidden to spray large or heavy water on young mushrooms so as not to form wounds and increase the chance of infection. Third, once the disease occurs, it is necessary to spray and disinfect key parts with bacterial killing + germicidal solution of 300,400 times, and combined with ventilation to reduce humidity and reduce diseases, ③ pest prevention: first, in the process of material fermentation, the turned heap surface will be sprayed with 800 and 1000 times dichlorvos pesticides each time to prevent adults from invading the culture material. Second, in the process of bacterial bag culture, the greenhouse and its surroundings should be sprayed with 800-1000-fold dichlorvos pesticide once in 7-10 days, and the field and greenhouse should be sprayed with 800-1000-fold permethrin or dichrolimus once every 5-7 days to play a preventive role. Special attention should be paid to the prohibition of the use of highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides such as dichlorvos and omethoate after mushroom emergence. At the same time, insecticide spraying is mainly on the site, and pesticides are not sprayed on the fruiting body of flat mushroom.