Soil-covering cultivation of Lentinus edodes with out-of-season bag material

The cultivation of Lentinus edodes with bag material has always adopted the mode of planting Lentinus edodes in spring, autumn and winter mushroom, and the mushroom production period is mainly from October to March of the following year, and the total amount of fresh mushroom can not meet the increasing consumption demand at home and abroad. In recent years, Zhukou Town of Qingyuan County has explored a set of new soil-covering cultivation technology of anti-season bag material Lentinus edodes, which has achieved good economic benefits and is very suitable for large-scale production of mushroom farmers. The technology is introduced as follows, which is for colleagues' reference only:

1 advantage

The advantages of off-season soil mulching cultivation of Lentinus edodes can be summarized in the following five aspects:

1.1 Anniversary

Matched with conventional cultivation (winter mushroom) in Zhukou town, annual production can be realized.

1.2 save labor and materials

There is no need to build a floor frame in the mushroom shed, and the techniques of water injection and immersion can be omitted during the whole period of cultivation and production after soil mulching.

1.3 the production cycle is short, the income is fast and the benefit is high.

1.4 the mushroom quality is excellent.

The Lentinus edodes produced are round in shape and thick in meat. {R is suitable for fresh mushroom production.

1.5 change the environmental conditions of the mushroom shed, reduce the summer base of diseases and pests, and reduce the rotten section.

2 cultivation techniques

2.1 Variety selection and seasonal arrangement

There are special requirements for Lentinus edodes varieties used in out-of-season soil mulching cultivation, that is, high temperature, strong stress resistance, high yield and excellent quality. At present, Wuxiang No. 1, L26,931, cr04 and Tingxuan 18 provided by the county scientific research center can be used in Qingyuan County. The cultivation season is generally arranged in winter and spring (December of the lunar calendar to January of the following year), covering soil from April to June and mushroom from May to October.

2.2 bagging and bacteria cultivation

2.2.1 the formula of culture medium and the selection of culture materials generally adopt the conventional formula: sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum and brown sugar 1%, pH natural. Each bag contains wet material 1.7kg (15-54 barrel bags). Culture materials are required to be fresh and mildew-free, and all kinds of ingredients must be added according to the requirements of the formula.

2.2.2 Sterilization and inoculation bagging should be strong and sterilized thoroughly. Keep 100℃ for not less than 12 hours. The "open" vaccination technique was adopted.

2.2.3 the link of bacterial culture is basically the same as the routine, the piercing holes should be released in time, put in the atmosphere about 7 days after the hyphae grow full of the whole bag, 50 holes in each bag, evacuate the mushroom wood at the same time, and appropriately enhance the light, in order to promote the mushroom wood to change color. Generally, the bacteria can be covered with soil after 80-110 days (the inoculation time is longer due to the low temperature).

2.3 selection of mushroom production site and construction of mushroom shed

The mushroom production site should be in the fields with flat terrain, sufficient water source, good water quality, low water temperature, convenient drainage and irrigation, sanitary surrounding environment, short solar radiation time, large temperature difference between day and night, and no termites. The mushroom shed is 2.5m high, covered with fir branches or Reed, five-jointed awn, etc., and surrounded by rice straw and five-jointed awn, creating a mushroom shed environment with less light, cool and good ventilation.

2.4 finishing and border surface treatment

Make the whole bed according to the length of the mushroom wood and the actual situation of the mushroom shed, and maximize the use of the mushroom shed. The width of the border is generally 1.2m to 1.3m, and three sections of mushroom wood can be discharged in parallel. The furrow is 0.5m wide and 30~40cm deep. The border surface is flat or slightly turtle back, and drainage ditches should be dug around to facilitate drainage. After finishing the border, sprinkle a layer of quicklime on the border surface, spread a thin layer of fine sand on the lime, and spray 80% dichlorvos 600 times of liquid around the border and mushroom shed to kill insects (this work is usually carried out 7-10 days before the discharge of mushroom wood). Cover the border with an arch shed (or use an arched plastic greenhouse), disinfect it with formalin or aerosol disinfectant, seal it for 7 days, and then discharge mushroom wood.

2.5 soil preparation and treatment

The soil used for mulching requires loose soil, no insect eggs, no caking and good moisture retention. Semi-sandy mountain topsoil should be used, and burning soil is the best. Generally, the amount of soil used per thousand sections is about 8 piculs. Soil treatment should be done well before mulching, which is a very key technical link: 7-10 days before preparing to cover the soil, pick enough cover soil according to the amount of mushroom wood, mix 1%-2% lime into a pile, spray dichlorvos, cover the plastic film, disinfect with formalin or aerosol disinfectant, seal for 7 days, carry out disinfestation and sterilization.

2.6 Color conversion management of bacteria tube

When the mycelium grows full of the whole bag for about half a month, you can choose to move into the pre-prepared shade shed on a sunny day to raise bacteria and "refine the canister". "refining tube" 10 days later, choose the weather when the temperature is stable at 20: 25 ℃, cut off the bag with a sharp blade, one bag lying on the border surface next to a bag, covered with plastic film on the border surface, to benefit the bacteria tube to change color naturally under the suitable temperature conditions, handle gently during operation, so as not to damage the mycelium or cause premature mushroom emergence, during the color conversion period, all the mushrooms longer than the tube should be picked clean, so as to avoid mildew after covering the soil.

2.7 covering soil

After the natural color change of the bacterial tube, fill the gap between the bacterial tube with pre-prepared mountain topsoil or burning soil. There is no need to cover the soil above the bacterial tube, which accounts for about 1 / 4 of the whole bacterial tube area. It should be noted that if the mushroom buds occur, the mushroom buds should be exposed to the border or removed clean before covering the soil; moldy mushroom tubes should be dealt with in a timely manner.

2.8 Management of mushroom production

In the whole period of mushroom production management, the management technical measures are carried out around cooling, ventilation and moisturizing, especially in the high temperature period. Cover the film with soil for 2 to 3 days to stimulate the bacteria tube to change color completely, and the film can be ventilated once at noon when the temperature is high. After that, the film has not been covered, but in order to prevent rain, the plastic film should be fixed on the border and lifted around it. After about 5-20 days, a large number of mushroom buds can be seen. After budding, the ventilation should be strengthened and the soil should be kept moist. Generally, water can be sprayed once every other day. In order to prevent the soil from sticking to the mushroom body, it is better to spray water. The water used is required to be sanitary and clean, and it is strictly forbidden to spray sewage; muddy water to prevent sediment, impurities and other pollution of shiitake mushrooms, affecting the quality. Generally, there is a small amount of water in the furrow, but when the temperature is above 28 ℃, the method of irrigation during the day and drainage at night can be used to cool down and widen the temperature difference. Stop spraying water for 4 days after harvesting, cover with plastic film to raise bacteria. After one week, the amount of spraying water should be increased, temperature difference stimulation, dry and wet alternating management should be carried out, and external conditions such as light and ventilation should be adjusted to promote the recurrence of mushroom buds. Generally, 4-6 tide mushrooms can be harvested during the whole cultivation period.

2.9 harvesting

They should be picked in different ways. Fresh-keeping mushrooms are required to be picked before the membrane is broken, and dehydrated dried mushrooms can be picked when medium well. Because of the high temperature, in order to ensure the quality of mushrooms, they should be picked in the morning, in the middle and in the evening. It should be noted that if there is a small amount of soil on the stalks of fresh mushrooms, they should be cut off with a knife on the spot, or the stalks with mud should be cut off so as not to pollute other mushrooms and reduce the quality of Lentinus edodes.