Morphological characteristics and cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus

First, morphological characteristics. Agaricus bisporus, also known as Agaricus bisporus, belongs to the mushroom family, the fruiting body is medium size, the cap diameter is 5-12 cm, the initial stage is hemispherical or flat hemispherical, the later stage is nearly flat, white is nearly smooth, and light yellow when dry. Stalk 4.5-9 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm thick, white smooth, sometimes mercerized, subcylindrical, solid to soft inside. The ring is monolayer, membranous, the middle part of the stalk is easy to fall off, the spores are brown, oval and smooth, and generally produce two spores on the basidium, mainly on the fermented matter of dung grass rich in humus.

2. Cultivation techniques

1. The construction of mushroom house. Mushroom houses of different sizes can be built on free land according to plot size and cultivation needs. first, a sidewalk with a depth of 1.5-2 feet and a width of 1.5 feet is dug from the middle, with mushroom beds one meter wide on each side, covered with plastic sheeting, covered with bamboo or wooden sticks, and then covered with straw or corn stalk. Ventilation is required at both ends, and 1-2 vents are provided on the roof.

2. The formula and stacking method of culture material. If calculated according to the area of 100m2, 2500 jin of fresh-dried wheat straw, 500jin of dried cattle and horse manure, 100jin of phosphate fertilizer, 20jin of urea, 50jin of gypsum powder and 50jin of quicklime should be used. The method of stacking the culture material: wet the wheat straw into a pile with clean water, grind the dry cow and horse dung and add water to the pile, turn the pile 1-2 days later, one layer of wheat straw and one layer of cow and horse manure, and sprinkle with phosphate fertilizer and urea, the pile is 1.5 meters wide and 1.5 meters high. For the first seven days, gypsum powder and lime should be sprinkled, the second time 6 days, the third time 5-6 days, and the fourth 5 days. Each turn should be adjusted up and down, pay attention to the moisture of wheat straw, squeeze wheat straw by hand, it is appropriate to drip 3-4 water, wheat straw can be easily broken by hand.

3. culture materials go to bed and sow seeds. Spread the above culture material evenly on the mushroom bed with a thickness of 4-5 inches, and then close the doors and windows. Fumigate in an iron pot with 0.5 jin of formaldehyde and 5 jin of water in the mushroom room for 10-12 hours, open the doors and windows and cool down to less than 28 ℃ before sowing. Use 3-4 strains per square meter, spread the bacteria evenly into the culture material, and gently compact and flatten. Properly ventilated for 2-3 days, often ventilated. The best time to sow seeds is in early July.

4. Cover soil. Sow about 15 days, after the mycelium grows, cover with fine pure soil, wet cover soil moisture, the standard is to pinch into a ball, drop to disperse, can cover soil 4-5 cm, pay attention to leveling.

5. Mushroom house management and water management. The relative humidity of the mushroom room is kept at about 90%, the temperature is below 30 ℃, and the best temperature is 20 ℃. It is necessary to change air frequently and spray water appropriately according to the condition of covering the soil. When the mushroom bud nailhead is seen in the soil seam, the mushroom water is sprayed. When the soybean-sized mushroom bud appears, the amount of mushroom water should be properly increased, and ventilation management and water management should be carried out in coordination.

6. Harvest. When mushrooms grow to 2-4 cm in diameter, they are harvested and sold in graded packaging without mud root impurities, pollution prevention and graded packaging.