Overwintering Management of Agaricus bisporus
In the Yangtze River valley and the northern provinces, such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui and Northeast China, due to the cold winter, the temperature of the mushroom house is below 5 ℃, which is not suitable for mycelium growth, and the hyphae are dormant and unable to supply nutrients for fruiting body growth, so mushrooms will not grow. Generally from late December to early March of the following year, mushrooms are in the overwintering stage. Doing a good job of overwintering management is a necessary condition for high yield of Pleurotus ostreatus.
(1) preparation before overwintering
After the end of ① autumn mushrooms, the first thing to do is to clean up the bed, pick out the old roots and dead mushrooms, fill up some soil where the hyphae are exposed, and then fight against the cuttings.
② does a good job in the heat preservation of the mushroom house, plugging all the oil leaks and hanging thick curtains on the doors and windows.
(2) overwintering management
① temperature: it is necessary to make full use of the doors and windows of the mushroom house and the external air temperature conditions to do a good job of heat preservation of the mushroom house. Specific method: on a sunny day when the sun is sufficient and the external temperature is higher than the temperature of the mushroom room, the south doors and windows can be opened from 10:00 to 2 pm; in the simple mushroom room, the grass curtains on both sides can be opened appropriately to facilitate external heat to enter the mushroom room. Conditional units, the mushroom room can be installed with smoke exhaust pipe coal stove or sawdust furnace to heat up, to increase the temperature of the mushroom room.
② moisture: fermented soil and fine mud bran soil covering materials should be wet in winter, that is, every 10 to 15 days, properly spray water on the soil layer. Spraying water should be carried out when the external temperature is higher than the temperature of the mushroom room. Water spraying can be carried out with well water or warm water of about 20 ℃, spraying 0.9-1.35kg per square meter each time. Do not spray water below 0 ℃.
③ air: during the mycelium overwintering, the requirement for air is relatively low, and the air conditioning of the mushroom room can generally be combined with the heat preservation work of the mushroom room.
④ topdressing: combined with the water transfer of the soil layer during overwintering, some nutrient solution can be sprayed on the soil layer to increase the nutrition of the mycelium of the soil layer. Topdressing solution can use 0.1% 0.2% urea solution.
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Production methods of fermented soil of Agaricus bisporus
At present, foreign industrial production of mushrooms use peat with high saturated water content, good water holding capacity and high porosity as covering material, and the yield per unit area is higher. There are roughly five kinds of soil covering materials used in China, namely, coarse and fine soil, mixed soil, river mud bran soil, fine mud bran soil and fermented soil. Fine mud bran soil and fermented soil are two kinds of soil covering materials developed according to the current mushroom cultivation methods and rural conditions in China, which are easy to make and have good soil covering effect. These two kinds of soil covering materials have large saturated water content, good water holding capacity and large water holding capacity.
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Morphological characteristics and cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus
First, morphological characteristics. Agaricus bisporus, also known as Agaricus bisporus, belongs to the mushroom family, the fruiting body is medium size, the cap diameter is 5-12 cm, the initial stage is hemispherical or flat hemispherical, the later stage is nearly flat, white is nearly smooth, and light yellow when dry. Stalk 4.5-9 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm thick, white smooth, sometimes mercerized, subcylindrical, solid to soft inside. The ring is monolayer, membranous, the middle part of the stalk is easy to fall off, the spores are brown, oval and smooth, and generally produce two spores on the basidium, mainly.
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