High-yield cultivation and Management techniques of Agaricus bisporus

I. cultivation season

In Weibei dry belt area, the temperature difference is large, the air humidity is small, and the season changes quickly, so it can be sown ahead of time, and the time is arranged from mid-August to early September. The Guanzhong Plain is arranged from the end of August to the middle of September. Of course, mushroom farmers with caves and fruit cellars can accumulate and ferment after the wheat straw is harvested, sow at the end of July and harvest in late August. After the corn stalk is harvested, after the corn stalk is dry, the second round of sowing can be carried out, using truncated corn stalk + cow dung, sowing from December to January, overwintering, starting to produce mushrooms in March in spring, and ending before the end of May. The yield and quality of wheat straw are similar to those of wheat straw.

II. Preparation of raw materials

The main ingredients for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus are wheat straw, corn stalk and cow dung. Auxiliary materials: oil residue, phosphate fertilizer, lime, gypsum, urea. The harvest begins in June, collecting wheat straw, which is piled in a clearing away from the planting shed. There is no need to crush when stacking up: when corn stalks are collected, when the corn stalks are dried in November, they can be crushed and used when there is no green, or cut into two sections can be used for fermentation; cow dung should be pulled back to cool and semi-dry ahead of time to mash, and then stack up to 2m wide and 1.5m high, unlimited length, natural fermentation, the temperature rises to 75 ℃. Turn the pile once in about 15 days, and change the position inside and outside to let it ferment naturally. Cow dung can also be dried, mashed and stored.

In addition, chicken manure and pig manure can be added to cultivation. There should be no clods in the dung.

Oil residue: it is best to use rape oil residue, cotton oil residue can also be used.

Bean stalk: adding a small amount of bean stalk to the fermentation material has the best effect.

Phosphate fertilizer, urea, gypsum and lime should be prepared.

1. Sprinkle a layer of lime powder on the wheat straw pile before pre-wet construction, wet the wheat straw with a water pipe and let it soften for three days, or sprinkle it directly with lime water.

2. When building a pile, pull all the weighing auxiliary materials to the front of the pile, first sprinkle a layer of lime on the ground, and spread a layer of dry grass on the surface, which is about 30 cm thick, 2.3 meters wide and 28 meters long for 1 mu of land. Stack the material in 5-6 layers, a layer of 25-30 cm wheat straw, sprinkle a layer of lime, spread a layer of cow dung, sprinkle a layer of oil dregs, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum (with 1 beat 2), urea in the top two layers, mix the excipients, divide into 6 parts, sprinkle one point on each layer, and then spread the material. Such a layer of forage, a layer of auxiliary materials to build a pile, after sprinkling began to water, the material surface will be watered again, the material should be vertically neat around, according to the same method to finish a pile, the total height is 1.5 meters, the top is tortoise back shape. Ferment with a thin film.

3. When the reactor is turned over for 6 days for the first time, the temperature in the reactor reaches 70-7 ℃, and the pile can be turned after stabilization. The way to turn the pile is to remove the material from one side of the pile, rebuild the pile on the other side, and insert a wooden stick or bamboo pole, that is, turning the pile. When turning the pile, put the top part of the material to one side, clip it in the middle, put the outer layer on the inner layer, the inner layer on the outer layer, and the lower layer on the upper layer, shake off the culture material while turning, mix the culture material evenly, remove the waste gas from the material, and add fresh air. Sprinkle the remaining lime and gypsum in layers, and when the material is dry and yellow and white, it means that there is not enough water. It is necessary to sprinkle water while stacking materials to make up for water. Erect a wooden stick every 50 centimeters, shake it out after stacking, that is, there are many vents in the material. Because after a period of accumulation and fermentation, the forage has softened and the volume of the material pile has shrunk, so when building the pile, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the length, that is, the length of the pile is shortened by about 2 meters, the width and height remain the same, and the material is vertically tidy and rectangular. The top is tortoise back, and the top can be covered with a thin film straw curtain. Do not cover the film too strictly, it is not conducive to exhaust, every other day to open the film exhaust, but also conducive to heating, about 3 days after the temperature can rise to more than 70 ℃, keep for 2 days, and turn it again.

4. After adjusting the moisture for the second time, adding auxiliary materials and adding air holes, the material temperature rises very quickly, about 5-6 days, turn the pile with the same method, at this time, you can turn the pile from one end, row the wooden stick to leave the air hole, and then cover with the film. Turn the third pile after five days with the same method, and spray triclofenac four weeks after turning.

5. After turning the pile for three times for the fourth time, the material has rotted, and the standard is wheat straw brown and red after ripening. The hand is broken as soon as it is pulled, and the material is not touched. At this time, the fourth turn-over is to spray deodorant or formaldehyde and acaricide on the material surface. Check the pH, PH 8-8.5 is appropriate. After two days of boredom, you can prepare cold materials to sow seeds.

6. when the material can be sown after turning the pile for the fourth time, the key is to be able to identify the degree of maturity of the material, the culture material requires uniform maturity, brown-red color, soft and flexible straw, broken by hand, no ammonia smell, no odor, no stickiness, no blackening, loose material is the standard. The PH value is 7-8. There can be no raw materials, otherwise in the cultivation, there will be ghost umbrella miscellaneous bacteria and so on.

Specific measures: the material pile spread out, exhaust gas, can be cool outside, can also be directly into the shed, according to the opening requirements of different greenhouses, different sites, rows, distance, thick waste places are different.

3. Batching and stacking

Formula of culture material: dosage per mu

1. Wheat straw 5000 kg, boron fertilizer 200kg, fresh cow dung 10 cubic meters, urea 40kg, cottonseed hull 500kg, oil residue 200kg, lime 250kg, gypsum 200kg, PH about 8.

2. Corn stalk 2500 kg, wheat straw 2500 kg, fresh cow dung 6 cubic meters, cotton husk 500kg, oil residue 200kg, phosphate fertilizer 200kg gypsum 200kg, urea 40kg, lime 250kg.

Previous page [1] [2] next page