High-yield cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus in bed frame

In the past few years, the author has been engaged in the exploration of bed-frame high-yield cultivation techniques in Pleurotus ostreatus room, and some successful experiences have been obtained. Now the relevant technologies are summarized as follows for peer reference.

1 the mushroom house and bed frame structure mushroom house is 19.6 m long from east to west, 9 m wide from north to south, 2.5 m high from front and rear wall and 3.5 m high from gable. The wall is bricked with lime. Put cement on the outside; wipe it with lime mud on the inside, then brush it with lime mud. There are 4 25cm × 20cm ventilation windows up and down the front and rear wall facing the aisle, and the first ventilation window is 20cm from the ground. There are doors at both ends of the front wall, 1.0m wide and 1.8m high, with bricks and cement seams on the ground. The roof is made of bamboo pole film. The bed frame is 7.8m long, 1.5m wide and 2.3m high, with five layers. The first layer is 10cm from the ground, and the spacing of each layer above is 55cm. One east-west aisle near the front wall is 0.7m wide and 10 north-south walkways, each 0.65m wide, with a total cultivated area of 500 square meters.

(2) the cultivation time of Pleurotus ostreatus is usually in spring and autumn. The pre-wetting time of wheat straw cultivation in our city is August 5-15, the sowing date is September 5-15, while the pre-wetting time of cottonseed shell is September 10-15, the sowing time is September 15-20.

(3) the strain As2796 with high yield, strong impurity resistance and wide adaptability was selected.

4Culture material formula (calculated according to the actual cultivation area of 100m2) ① wheat straw 3000kg, fresh chicken manure 3.5m3 (or dried chicken manure 900kg), urea 35kg, calcium superphosphate 35kg, gypsum powder 100kg, lime powder 50kg, calcium carbonate 50kg; ② cotton seed shell 1500kg, special fertilizer 100kg for Pleurotus ostreatus, gypsum powder 30kg, lime powder 15~20kg.

5 preparation of culture material

5.1. fermentation before ① preparation of wheat straw: pre-wetting wheat straw according to time schedule. The more thoroughly and evenly the pre-wet is, the better, so that it is better to be wet than dry. There are two specific methods: one is to soak in 0.5% lime water in the pre-dug pit, and after absorbing enough water, the chicken manure is removed and proportionally mixed with the pre-piled chicken manure to build a pile; the second is to spread wheat straw 40~60cm on the hard ground and spray water to make it fully absorbed; on the second day, form a 1m high pile and spray 5% lime water around it. Continue to spray water on the third day, and finally make the wheat straw wet and evenly, with a water content of about 60% (pull out a few pieces of wheat straw, wring by hand, and you can see the water oozing). However, we should be careful not to sprinkle lime powder directly in the pre-wetting. Also mix well with the pre-pile of chicken manure. One day before the construction of the pile, sprinkle a layer of lime powder or sprinkle 10% thick lime water at the bottom of the pile. On the second day, urea was evenly added to the mixed wheat straw. At the same time, the partially non-wet wheat straw was soaked in a pre-dug puddle and placed on the top of the pile, stacked north-south, 1.6m-1.8m wide, 2m high, unlimited in length, vertical around, and turtle-shaped at the top of the pile, covering the grass. On the second day, the temperature was measured every 2 to 3 hours. When the temperature rose to 65 ℃, keep for 3 to 4 days, turn the pile for the first time, leave a good ventilation duct or cushion a stick before turning, combine turning the pile, adjust the moisture, make the water content reach about 75% (hold the culture material by hand and drop about 10 drops of water), at the same time, add gypsum powder evenly. When turning the pile, the material is sour, and the pH8.0 can be adjusted with 2% to 5% lime water, the height and width of the pile remain the same, and the length is shortened. Clean up the debris around the heap after turning the heap. The temperature was measured on the second day, and when the temperature rose to 65 ℃, the temperature was kept for 3 days. Turn the pile for the second time. Before turning the pile, wet the culture material around the pile with a sprayer, or concentrate the dry material on the outside of the pile into a piece of water to make it wet through, and put it into the middle and upper part of the pile when turning, the water content is adjusted to about 72%, and the pH value is 7.8. After turning the pile, it was still turned over for the third time after 2.5 days according to 65 ℃. Before turning the pile, also leave the ventilation duct or cushion the stick, aerate and ferment and keep it 2.5-3.0 days. Generally, the water transfer is appropriate, the heap temperature is normal, and the pre-fermentation can turn the heap for 3 times. If the water is not properly transferred, or the material temperature is low, it is necessary to turn the stack for the fourth time. After each turn, the stack surface should be sprayed with 0.5% dichlorvos and 80% deltamethrin 1000 times. ② secondary fermentation (post-fermentation): the secondary fermentation of wheat straw can be divided into two types: the secondary fermentation outside the mushroom and the secondary fermentation inside the mushroom. The secondary fermentation site outside the mushroom room was thoroughly cleaned at first. Then spray 1000 times of deltamethrin and sprinkle a thin layer of quicklime powder (whichever is not exposed to the surface). After building the ventilation duct with bricks (5~8cm between bricks and bricks) and the air extractor (preferably with bricks to form a brick cage with ventilation on four sides), pile the material in the north-south direction with a height of 1.5m, a width of 1.2m, a length of about 20m, with a tortoise back at the top and vertical on all sides. After the stack is built, plug the extractor and cover the stack with plastic film before 9 ∶ 00 on the 2nd. The distance between the film and the culture material is 20~30cm, which can be larger in order to facilitate operation. When the temperature in the distance rises to about 45 ℃, fumigate with appropriate amount of potassium permanganate and formaldehyde. When the temperature rises to 57 ℃ after fumigation, it will be sealed for 8 hours and 10 hours. After strict disinfection, the culture material was controlled in a planned way, so that the culture material was fermented in 50-55 ℃ for 5-7 days, and then all the ventilation and air-extractor were pulled out. When the temperature of the culture material dropped rapidly below 28 ℃, the material was laid and sown in the room. For the secondary fermentation in the mushroom room, the pre-fermented culture material can be evenly spread on the bed frame. After sealing the doors and windows of the mushroom room, hot steam is injected into the mushroom room at a temperature of about 60 ℃, keeping it for 8 hours, then slowly cooling to 45 ℃, keeping it for 5 days, and quickly lowering the temperature to 28 ℃ to spread materials and sow seeds.

5.2 preparation of cottonseed shell material cement land is selected as fermentation site, if it is not cement ground, a layer of plastic film should be laid. First clean the fermentation site, then spray 1000 times 80% deltamethrin, and then sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder. According to the time arrangement, the cottonseed shell and its auxiliary materials were mixed evenly to make the raw water Prida 1 ∶ 1.7-1.8. Before building the pile, use bricks to build the "non" shaped ventilation duct and build the pile with the ventilation duct as the center. The height of the pile is 1.2m, the width is 1.2m and 1.5m, the length is determined as appropriate, the top is tortoise back shape, and the smaller the edge slope is, the better. Then, spray 0.5% dichlorvos on the surface and cover the grass. When the temperature rises to 60 ℃, keep 18 hours for 24 hours, turn the pile for the first time and flatten it for the first time; when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, keep it for 18 hours for 24 hours, turn the pile for the second time, and turn it for 3 times. After each turn, 0.5% dichlorvos plus 80% deltamethrin was sprayed on the stack surface, and every 1m, the exhaust tube was placed on the ventilation duct during the fourth turn. After finishing the material pile, cover it with plastic film and leave the material surface 20~30cm. When the temperature in the distance rises to about 45 ℃, fumigate and ferment with 0.5 kg potassium permanganate + formaldehyde 1kg according to 5000kg material. In the meantime, the temperature is controlled at 45-55 ℃, and the air extractor is used to open and close to adjust the temperature. After 4 days and 5 days, unplug all ventilation ducts and extractors, and spread the material and sow seeds when the temperature of the material drops below 28 ℃.

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