Indoor post-fermentation of Agaricus bisporus

The process of transporting the culture material after outdoor pre-fermentation to indoor, sterilizing and fermenting the culture material under specific environmental conditions through artificial temperature control and gas control, further improving the specificity and selectivity of the culture material, and fermenting the culture material into a culture medium more suitable for mushroom growth is called indoor post-fermentation.

① Principle: Post-fermentation is a biochemical reaction process that promotes the physical and chemical properties of compost through the activities of various types of thermophilic microorganisms. Post-fermentation can be divided into two stages. The first stage: the stack temperature will rise to 57~60℃, keep 6~8 hours, this stage is called pasteurization, its role is to purify most of the pathogenic fungi enzymes at high temperature, especially respiratory enzyme changes to death; Second, high temperature makes some pests (eggs, larvae, adults) protein denatured by heat and solidified to death; Third, in this temperature range, for thermophilic beneficial microorganisms to provide environmental conditions for survival activities. The second stage: the material temperature of the mushroom house is ventilated to 48 - 52 DEG C and kept for 5 - 7 days, and the air temperature of the mushroom house is not lower than 45 DEG C. Its function is to improve the supply of microbial oxygen due to ventilation and cooling, and promote the proliferation of thermophilic microorganisms (including thermophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and thermophilic molds); and to further kill the pathogenic bacteria remaining in the fermentation after the previous stage.

② Form: According to the conditions of mushroom cultivation in rural areas in China, there are two effective post-fermentation forms: one is to use the mushroom house bedstead for post-fermentation, shake the culture material after outdoor pre-fermentation and move it to the mushroom house bedstead (the bottom layer and the top layer are not placed), and then close the mushroom house for heating. The second is to use vegetable tube shed or bamboo shed shaped like vegetable tube shed, set up a layer of simple bed frame 15cm above the ground on both sides of the shed, the bed frame is 1.5m wide and the middle walkway is 1.2m wide (a small flatbed car can pass through), put the culture material after outdoor pre-fermentation on the bed frame, pile up to 0.8~ 1m high and 1.5m wide, punch some holes in the middle of the material pile, and then heat it tightly for post-fermentation. After the post-fermentation is over, move the culture material to the bed frame of mushroom house. Although this form adds a process, the temperature of the culture material is easy to control during the post-fermentation, the post-fermentation quality is high, and energy is saved.

(3) operation step a. feeding time: after outdoor fermentation for the third time, after two days, the material temperature can rise to the highest temperature, generally at about 70℃, at this time can be fed. b. Stacking bed: the culture material for outdoor pre-fermentation must be shaken loose before being moved into the post-fermentation room. After the culture material is moved to the bedstead, pay attention to the pile shape, as high as possible, and the pile edges around should be straight, so as to facilitate the insulation of the culture material and uniform fermentation. c. heating: after the culture material enters the room, close the doors and windows tightly, and seal each vent of the mushroom room. Start heating time to enter the room after the material temperature has automatically recovered as well, generally 6 to 8 hours after entering the room to start heating. After the temperature of the culture medium rises to 57~60℃, it is maintained for 6~8 hours, and then proper ventilation and cooling are carried out. After the temperature of the culture medium drops to 48~52℃, it is maintained for 5~7 days. During the incubation period, the room temperature should not be lower than 45℃, and ventilation should be carried out regularly at this stage to prevent hypoxia in the post-fermentation chamber from inhibiting the reproduction and growth of beneficial microorganisms. After the fermentation is over, the doors and windows should be opened in time, and the doors and windows should be opened from small to large when cooling down. d. Adjust the humidity of the culture medium: If steam is used for post-fermentation, the moisture content of the culture medium after the post-fermentation is slightly higher. Therefore, the culture medium can be properly dried during outdoor fermentation, and the moisture content should be 60%. If the coal furnace is heated directly, because the dry heat generated by the coal furnace will evaporate more water from the culture material, after the fermentation is over, some lime water with pH8~8.5 can be sprayed on the culture material surface to adjust the water content of the culture material.

4. The standard of culture medium after fermentation: color is dark coffee to dark brown, fully soft, firewood has strong elasticity, feces does not stick to hands when holding the material, and has strong material fragrance, no ammonia smell, a large number of white actinomycetes and light gray humus fungi, water content is about 65%, pH 7.2 ~7.5, no pests and miscellaneous bacteria.

5. Pay attention to safety after fermentation: two people should be on duty at the same time during fermentation of culture materials to prevent accidents due to excessive temperature or excessive carbon monoxide in the mushroom room during coal addition. Coal stoves should be properly placed in mushroom houses to prevent fires.