Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus: culture and fermentation

The fermentation of culture material can be divided into primary fermentation and secondary fermentation.

The main results are as follows: (1) one day before the construction of the pile by one-time fermentation, cut off the rice (wheat) grass, drench it with clean water, make it fully absorb water, and pile it for 1 day. 7-10 days before building the pile, wet the dry feces with water or urine, and then build the pile to ferment. When stacking, one layer of dung and one layer of grass are required to be stacked layer by layer, and the fourth layer begins to be watered. All cake fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, gypsum and half amount of urea are added layer by layer from the fourth layer to the eighth layer. After stacking 10 layers, the heap is about 1.5m high, the four sides are basically vertical, the top of the pile is shaped like a tortoise, and the top is covered with a layer of dung. In order to maintain the ventilation state, 2-3 ventilation holes can be inserted from top to bottom with a bamboo tube at the top of the stack. In order to keep warm and moisturizing, the top of the pile should be covered with grass and covered with film on rainy days. When stacking, the water content of the culture material is required to reach saturation. The next day of the stack, the material temperature should be measured within 50 centimeters. Under normal circumstances, the material temperature will rise to 70 degrees Celsius. If it does not reach this temperature, it is necessary to find out the cause and take remedial measures as soon as possible. During the fermentation period, it is necessary to turn the pile every once in a while, supplement auxiliary materials, and adjust the water content and pH of the culture material. On the second day after the construction of the reactor, the material temperature began to rise, and on the third day, the temperature in the center of the reactor reached the highest point (74-80 degrees Celsius). At this temperature, the reactor can be turned for the first time after 6-7 days of construction. Watering the top of the pile the day before turning the pile, and then watering layer by layer when turning the pile. After the pile is finished, there should be a small amount of water around it, indicating that the amount of water replenished is appropriate. The remaining urea is still added from the fourth layer to the eighth layer when the reactor is built. Two days after the first turn-over, the material temperature can reach as high as 75-80 degrees Celsius. 5-6 days after the first turn, the second turn is carried out. The focus of the second turn is to adjust the moisture content, the water content should be grasped by hand, and 3-4 dripping water can be extruded. Cover plastic sheeting on rainy days, use sticks to support it, make the material breathable, prevent anaerobic fermentation, and keep the material temperature at 60-65 degrees Celsius. Generally speaking, the third turn can be carried out 4-5 days after the second turn, and the method is the same as above. If there is a piece of dung, it should be mashed and then mixed. Four days after the third turn, the fourth turn was carried out. First of all, check the water content of the material pile, the method is to hold the culture material by hand, dripping 1-2 water between the fingers is appropriate, the moisture is not enough, adjust with 1% lime water. If the moisture is too high, spread it out for a while, and then build a pile when the moisture is right. At the same time, dichlorvos with a concentration of 0.5% was prepared and sprayed to kill insects. 3-4 days after the fourth turn, the temperature in the material is still about 50 degrees Celsius and tends to be stable, and the final turn is carried out. When turning the pile, the water content of the culture material is adjusted to 60%, 63%, and pH 7.5-8.0. At the same time, check whether there is residual ammonia and pests in the culture material, such as ammonia reusable formaldehyde neutralization, if any, 0.5% dichlorvos can be used to kill insects. From stacking to entering the room, the culture material is usually turned 4-5 times, and the interval between each turn is usually 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 days. In the process of composting, the moisture of the culture material should be wet first and then dry, the stack should be large first and then small, and the interval time should be long and then short. According to this principle, the stacking temperature can be maintained above 50 degrees Celsius for a long time.

(2) the fermentation after secondary fermentation (post-fermentation) is generally heated by artificial space to speed up the heating rate of the material. Now it is generally cultivated in a plastic greenhouse and can be warmed up naturally by light. The fermented material is moved into the shed while it is hot and piled into a small pile, each with just one bed. When the material is heated to 60 degrees Celsius, keep it for 6 hours to further kill miscellaneous bacteria and pests, do not exceed 70 degrees Celsius, so as not to harm beneficial microorganisms, and then let the temperature of the material drop to 52 degrees Celsius for 4 days to promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Ventilation twice a day for 30 minutes each time. If the material is too dry, it can be sprayed with lime water according to the pH of the material. After that, the material began to be laid. The thickness of the material is 25-30 cm. After spreading out the material, pat it gently.

The post-fermented material should be brownish red, and there are a large number of white powder actinomycetes, sweet bread flavor, water content of about 60% Murray 62%, hold it by hand, there are water lines in the fingers. If you can hold it into a ball, it will disperse as soon as you shake it. The pH is about 7.5.