New industry "rice-mushroom" cultivation

The new grain planting mode of "rice-mushroom-rice" can not only make full use of rural surplus labor to solve the problem of labor, but also use straw to improve soil structure and promote the yield and income of rice and mushroom.

1. Variety, season and site selection according to our climate and soil environment and other natural resources conditions, mainly choose the most suitable growth habits of Pleurotus ostreatus. At the end of August and the middle of September after rice harvest, idle seedling fields with open, sunny, clean surrounding environment, no pollution sources, dry surface, close to water sources, convenient transportation, loose and fertile soil and good drainage and irrigation rich in humus were selected for planting.

II. Preparation of base materials

1. Base material formula. 4500 kg of fresh, dry and mildew-free rice straw, 300kg of cake fertilizer, 150kg of compound fertilizer, 20kg of urea, 150kg of calcium superphosphate, 150kg of gypsum, 210kg of lime and 4500 kg of human and animal manure were used per mu.

2. Base material stacking. The day before the pile, it is advisable to concentrate on pre-wetting the straw rather than dry it. The stack is 9 meters long, 2 meters wide, 1.3 meters high on the side and 1.5 meters high in the middle. The number of stacking layers is 12-14, and one layer of grass and one layer of raw materials (that is, cake fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, gypsum, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, urea) are evenly scattered into the grass from less to more, and the fourth layer begins to use human and animal manure from less to more. After the pile is finished, open the drainage ditch all around (pay attention to cover the film in case of rain, uncover the film after rain). In general, on the sixth day after stacking, the material is turned for the first time, and when turning the material, the lime (120 kg per mu) is evenly scattered layer by layer into the grass, and do not add clear dung water. If the grass is dry, adjust it with 0.6% lime water so that the water content of the pile is 70% Mel 75% (that is, tighten by hand, the material will drip out and not flow out in a line). The way to turn the material is, turn up and down, turn up, turn out, and turn out. The second turning time is the 11th day after stacking, this time the material should be set up with exhaust holes, the material should be loosened, and two rows of bamboo sticks should be placed in the middle, 0.3-0.5 meters apart. When the material is high enough, pull out the bamboo sticks. If there is dry grass this time, it can be adjusted with a small amount of lime water. On the 16th day after stacking, turn the material for the third time, the method is the same as the second time. The fourth turning time is the 19th day after stacking. The width of the stack is 2.3 meters, the exhaust holes are arranged in 3 rows, and 40% formalin is sprayed while turning. The next day, dichlorvos was sprayed on the surface of the stack with 50-100 times liquid to kill insects. After spraying, the material was tightly covered with a thin film. During the stacking period, the shed should be built as soon as possible, and dichlorvos or phoxim should be used to kill insects. You can enter the shed on the third day (if the forage fermentation is not mature enough, you can turn the material again according to the method of the fourth time.

III. Feeding, sowing and management

1. Feed. It should be carried out in the morning and evening. Each box of paving material thickness is uniform, the material should be shaken loose, the thickness is 18-20 cm. After the material is laid, open both ends of the shed and let it get wet for one day and one night or two days and nights. For the dry humidity of the material, it is better to twist the grass by hand without dripping water. If the material has a peculiar smell, formaldehyde water can be sprayed on the material for half a day to remove the smell before sowing.

2. Sowing seeds. When sowing, first sprinkle 70% of the bacteria on the box surface, gently grasp the forage by hand, make the bacteria enter the middle and upper layer of the material, and 30% of the bacteria are scattered on the box surface, gently flatten with a wooden board, so that the bacteria are closely combined with the material surface, so that the bacteria can germinate and grow. When sowing, if you encounter the sun, you should sow in the afternoon. At this time, you should turn the forage down and sow it again. If it is cloudy, you can sow it all day.

3. Management: after sowing, keep warm and breathe on the 1st-3rd day, uncover a small half of the film leeward for 2-4 hours a day, if the temperature is high on a sunny day, spread straw on the box surface (soaked with lime water) to make the mycelium sprout quickly; on the 4th-6th day, there is little ventilation, the film at both ends of the shed is opened for 2-4 hours a day, and the rest of the time the film is covered. On the 7th day, if the mycelium grows to half of the forage, large ventilation can be carried out, and if it does not grow to half, it can be postponed. Cover the soil when the hyphae grow to 80% of the forage.

4. Cover the soil: spray carbendazim with 500-600 times liquid on the box surface before covering the soil. After covering the soil, pay attention to ventilation to adjust the humidity in the shed, the soil water content is 20% Mel 30%, the air humidity is 85% Mel 90%. After 8 days of covering, if the mycelium grows into more than half of the soil, it should be ventilated until more than 50% of the mushrooms appear on the surface of the box, spray water, and the air humidity should be kept between 90% and 95% during this period. When spraying water, you should spray less frequently, not too much water at one time.

5. Pest control: due to the rapid rise of temperature in spring, Pleurotus ostreatus is prone to diseases and insect pests such as rodents, snails, mites and molds. Agricultural control should be given priority to in prevention and control. Always clean the mushroom farm and around the mushroom house, keep the air fresh, well ventilated, strictly operate the system, and find pests such as snails that can be killed at night or early in the morning. If mold has occurred, timely measures must be taken according to the cause. If it occurs only on the surface, the surface mold will be dug up, and the rest can be used; if it has been thoroughly contaminated, it must be buried, discarded or burned.

6. Harvest: hand twist is appropriate when picking mushrooms, and try not to hurt mushrooms and hyphae when picking. Because the old mushroom and umbrella mushroom consume a lot of nutrients, which affects the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, it is appropriate to pick more tender and diligent. After the first tide mushroom is harvested, we should pay attention to replenish water and cover the film to raise bacteria. Generally speaking, each tide mushroom has an interval of 3-5 days, during which time it is still well ventilated and cultured. After the three tide mushrooms are harvested, the old foot mushrooms and loose small mushrooms should be removed in time to avoid rotting mildew affecting the yield of tide mushrooms, and should be filled with lime in time with fresh fine soil outside.

By the end of March of the following year, after the mushrooms were harvested, rice could be planted. Shu Qin, Agricultural Bureau of Pengshan County