Management points of common cherry blossom varieties

The so-called cherry blossoms refer to the plants of the subgenus Pruns of Rosaceae. There are more than 100 species in the world, distributed in the warm regions of Asia, Europe and North America, and 45 species in China, mainly in the west and southwest. Most of them are deciduous trees, 5-25 m high, with a wide crown, grayish brown bark, transverse striations, grayish white branchlets, fine punctate lenticels, rounded Obovate leaves, tip, base cuneate, margin serrate, and glands on leaf base or petiole.

Cherry blossoms are very important ornamental flowers and trees in early spring. The blooming period is very neat. Every flowering season, trees can blossom overnight, such as clouds like clouds, magnificent and magnificent. Once the flowers fade, they fall all over the place and become a scene. At present, it is widely used in countries and regions all over the world, and even more so in Japan, it is regarded as the national flower.

In China, with the construction of parks and green spaces, cherry appreciation in spring has become a favorite activity in many areas, and cultivation and application is becoming more and more common.

(1) Cherry blossoms commonly cultivated in China:

Fujian Mountain Cherry Blossom (P.ampanula) is also known as Zhonghua Sakura and Cold Sakura in Japan. It is native to Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan. The bark of the plant is dark brown, the leaves are long and oval, the tip is pointed, the base is round, the edge is doubly serrated, and both sides are glabrous. 2. The umbels of 3 flowers are pendulous, calyx tube red, bell-shaped, half-blooming, 5 petals, scarlet color, first flowers and then leaves, flowering from mid-March to early April.

P.serrula is native to North and East China, and is also distributed in Japan and Korea. The plant is tall, the leaves are ovate-elliptic, the tip of the tail is apical, the margin is Awned, the back is pale white, the young leaves are light green-brown, the flowers are white or pink, the flower diameter is 2-3 cm, the stamens are 30, the flowers and leaves are in place together, and the florescence is April. There are many varieties, such as' Hong Nan Dian': 11 petals, long oval-Obovate, purplish red; 'White Chrysanthemum Sakura': White verticillium, double chrysanthemum-shaped, new leaf green, reverse white.

Tokyo cherry blossoms (P.yedoen) are also known as Japanese cherry blossoms. The tree is tall, the leaves are ovate-elliptic, the leaf margin is doubly serrate, the petiole is pilose, 3-4 flowers form umbels or racemes, the total pedicel is very short, the pedicel is 2-2.5 cm long, the flowers are white to pink-white, 5 petals, 36 stamens, first flowers and then leaves, slightly fragrant. The most famous variety is' Yoshihiro Yoshino': the flower diameter is 3.5 to 4.5 cm, with dense hairs on young leaves, pedicels, calyx tube, sepals, style, etc., flowering from the end of March to early April.

Japanese late cherry (P.lannesiana) leaves are often Obovate, tip acuminate, long tail-shaped, leaf margin with heavy awn serrated, flowers and leaves co-blooming, 2-5 flowers to form umbels or corymbs. Flowers 3.5-4 cm in diameter, mostly double. The flowers are white, pink, red and green, and the flowering period is in the middle and late April. The common varieties are: Guanshan: tree-shaped inflorescences are composed of 3 flowers, the total pedicel is 2.5 cm long, the flowers are purplish red, the flower diameter is 5 cm, the sepals are ovate and triangular, the petals are 20-45 and the stamens are 30-50. It is the most common variety in this class. 'one leaf': the trunk is upward, 3 flowers form a corymb, the total pedicel is 1 × 2 cm long, the small pedicel is 3.5 × 4 cm long, the flower is light pink, the new leaf is green, the petal is 20 × 25, the stamen is 25 × 35, the pistil is 1: 2 leaf biochemical, and the leafy part is serrulate. 'Puxian elephant': the branch is oblique, the corymb has 2 flowers, the total pedicel is 1.5 cm 2 cm, the pedicel is 4 cm long, the flower color is light red, the new leaves are purple, the petals are 21 × 50, the pistil has 2 leaves, and the florescence is later than 'one leaf'.

Yunnan cherry blossom branchlets purple-brown, leaves ovate-long oval, tip long tail-shaped, margin with sharp double serrated, often 2-5 flowers, semidouble, pink to crimson, slightly drooping. The flowering period is from the end of February to the first ten days of March, and it is in full bloom in Yunnan before and after the "Women's Day" festival. It is native to southern Tibet and northwest Yunnan in southwestern China.

Cherry, also known as Zhu Ying, the leaves are oval-shaped, tip-pointed, and the edges are double serrated of different sizes. Corymbose inflorescences, pedicels short, 0.8-1.5 cm long, flowers white, stamens 30-32, flowering in early March, first flowers and then leaves. It originated from China, Japan, Korea and other places. It is a species with strong resistance and tolerance to poor ridges, and the requirements for cultivated soil are not strict. Its flowers bloom in early spring and are as red as coral in summer.

(2) the planting and management of cherry blossoms shall adopt isolated planting, group planting or cluster planting, or the construction of cherry blossom forests and special gardens according to the different environment and functional needs. In the management, attention should be paid to excessive land pressure, insufficient fertilization, improper pruning and so on. Therefore, in order to grow cherry blossoms well, it is very important to master the following characteristics of cherry blossoms.

The main results are as follows: 1. Cherry blossoms are sunny tree species with shallow roots and shallow root distribution. In the investigation of the adult cherry blossoms, it was found that 60% of the roots were distributed within 60 cm of the surface, and 60% of the total were distributed in the 20 cm topsoil layer. For this reason, the planting land must choose an open sunny area with good drainage and loose soil. In daily management, avoid stagnant water and dryness; at the same time, avoid excessive pressure and trampling, because these behaviors will make the surface layer of the soil overdense and compressed, seriously affecting the growth and development of its roots. At the same time, the annual growth of cherry blossoms is large, and the blossoms are dense, so there must be enough fertilizer. Generally, it can be applied twice a year, once as a base fertilizer in winter, and once after anthesis.

2. After the branches of the cherry blossoms were injured, the wound healed very slowly. According to this characteristic, we should be very careful about the pruning of cherry blossoms in our daily management. In pruning, it is mainly to prune some redundant branches, disease and insect branches, especially to trim as few branches as possible if they are thicker than 2 cm; if they need to be trimmed, they should be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of scientific norms, and must be treated with preservatives at the stubble, or at least black ink. In addition, when transplanting cherry blossoms, we should avoid transplanting large trees of cherry blossoms, because the roots of the transplanted plants are bound to be damaged, the roots of big trees are widely distributed and seriously injured, and the wound healing of cherry blossoms is quite slow. This will inevitably lead to soil diseases and insect pests infection and root diseases.

3. Cherry blossoms are geopathic and avoid continuous cropping. If the previous crop is cherry blossom or peach blossom, plum blossom, plum and other similar species and genera of Rosaceae will seriously affect the normal growth and development of their plants, so special attention should be paid to the influence of previous plants in cherry blossom nursery land. To eliminate the influence of previous plants, soil improvement can be carried out, such as planting green manure and rotational rest, and a more thorough soil change can also be carried out before planting.

4. Cherry blossoms are cross-pollinated plants. In fact, the probability of variation of seedlings is much higher than that of asexual seedlings, and the characters of variation are also larger, which is also the main source of cherry blossom varieties. Of course, in addition to the formation of new varieties, it can also form intergeneric hybrids, such as the famous Tokyo cherry blossom 'Yoshino Yoshino'. For this reason, we must make full use of this feature to cultivate more and better varieties of cherry blossoms.