Reindeer (Kangifertarandus) belong to Artiodactyla, Cervidae, which is native to the Arctic and near-Arctic regions. In China, reindeer mainly live in dense forests on the northwest slope of Daxing'an Mountains, with strong cold tolerance in areas with longitude of 120 °15 °E and latitude of 53 °15'N. The economic value of reindeer is very high, and its antler, skin, meat and milk can be used. at the same time, it has high ornamental value in the zoo because of its strange appearance and tame. Reindeer have been reared in Harbin Zoo for nearly 20 years, but the breeding effect is not ideal due to various reasons. Since 1995, it has been raised and bred by scientific management methods, and remarkable results have been achieved. From 1995 to 1998, a total of 11 reindeer were bred. The reproduction rate of adult female deer with reproductive capacity reached 100%, and the survival rate of young reached 100%.

Breeding environment and method

1 Natural general situation Harbin is located at 125 °15 °E from 127 °30 °E, 45 °20 °N from 46 °20 °N, with an average annual temperature of 4.5 ℃, average precipitation of 581.2mm, sunshine hours of 2461.9 hours and annual average wind speed of 3.4m/s. As reindeer grow in the Arctic and near-Arctic regions and are suitable for living in cold areas, such environmental characteristics are suitable for the growth, development and reproduction of reindeer.

2 feeding environment and management methods

The reindeer in our park are reindeer in our garden is reindeer in our garden is reindeer And there are two sinks welded into thick iron plates.

2.2 feeding standard in the wild, reindeer mainly feed on litmus all the year round, followed by the tender branches and leaves of woody plants. In artificial feeding, the environmental conditions have changed greatly, not only the amount of exercise has been greatly reduced, but also it is impossible to choose food at will. In order to balance its nutritional consumption, it is necessary to properly supply a certain amount of concentrate fodder. At the same time, it is also necessary to ensure an adequate supply of roughage. After years of exploration and practice by scientists and technicians, the reindeer feed standards of Harbin Zoo were established as follows: from May to September, each male deer was fed with pellet feed 2.00kg, female deer 1.75kg, prism grass or fresh paspalum grass. From October to April of the following year, the male deer were fed with 2.25kg, 2.00kg and dried tussah leaves, and each deer was supplied with 1.5~2.00kg carrots, kohlrabi or cabbage according to the situation. The feed is fed in two stages throughout the day, 8 ∶ 30 am and 16 ∶ 00:00

2.3 methods of reindeer reinde Ensure that there is enough clean drinking water in the sink and thoroughly disinfect the cage and eating utensils every 2 weeks. Special attention should be paid to heat prevention in summer. When the temperature exceeds 28 ℃, you can sprinkle water on the ground to cool down, and you can also give the deer a bath. The reindeer are in estrus from mid-September to mid-November every year. In order to prevent the same-sex deer from causing accidental casualties in the fight for mates during mating, two stubbles of antler should be sawed off in mid-late August. There is no need to warm the deer house in winter, you can add more bedding grass in the shelter. Make sure you have plenty of water in winter. In the cold winter in Harbin, the water in the flume freezes and freezes very quickly. In order to ensure drinking water, warm water can be given and changed frequently. At the same time, some clean snow can be kept in the enclosure for food. In addition, the proportion of salt can be appropriately increased in feed to increase drinking water.