Key points of Jujube-Cotton intercropping cultivation in Garden Construction

The three-dimensional planting mode of jujube-cotton interplanting in Aksu area can not only promote the growth of jujube trees in the young stage, but also ensure the yield of interplanting cotton, which is a better cultivation mode to improve the economic benefits of planting.

I. cultivation index

1. Cotton

The suitable variety is Zhongmian 35, with an average harvest number of 1.1 ~ 12000 plants / 667m2, 5.5 bolls per plant, 5.0g boll weight per plant, 38% lint percentage, ≥ 85% lint yield ≥ 120kg and 667m2 income of more than 1200 yuan.

two。 Jujube tree

The suitable variety is grey jujube. 111plants are harvested in 667m2. After 3 years, the average yield of dried jujube is 1kg per plant. According to the current purchase price of 15 yuan, the income can be increased by 1665 yuan per 667m2. After 3 years, the yield of garden-type jujube-cotton interplanting is more than 191 times that of the conventional cultivation mode, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Second, the main points of cultivation

1. Jujube cultivation

① jujube tree collocation method 1.5x4m planting pattern was adopted for jujube cultivation in Aksu area.

The planting pit of ② jujube tree requires 40 × 40 × 60 cm.

The application of base fertilizer in ③ planting pit requires that each planting pit should apply 5 kg rotten organic fertilizer, mix it well with the underlying soil, and then backfill the mature soil.

④ irrigated jujube trees should be watered immediately after planting, with the principle of watering thoroughly. According to the soil moisture, the second water should be poured timely within 15 days to ensure that the survival rate of jujube seedlings is more than 85%. After jujube planting, the cotton was watered for the first time (June 15-20), usually once every 10-15 days. Later, the jujube tree will be watered with cotton. Overwintering water will be watered before early November.

⑤ field management ploughs and loosens the soil in time after watering or rain, preserves water and restrains salt, and kills weeds in the field. 100 grams of urea was applied to each plant in late May to promote the flowering of jujube trees. During the full flowering period in June, 300 times urea solution was sprayed once every 10 days, and sprayed 2 ~ 3 times. In early July, 0.5 kg diammonium phosphate per plant was applied to promote fruit growth, and anti-falling hormone was sprayed once after the young fruit began to expand in late August to prevent physiological fruit drop.

Before the jujube tree germinated (early April), 3-5 Baumedo stone sulfur mixture was sprayed on the tree to eliminate overwintering insects and eggs. During the jujube growing period, according to the occurrence dynamics of the insect situation, 1.8% avermectin EC 5000 times, 10% cypermethrin EC or 5% cypermethrin EC 1500 times were used to control jujube red spiders. 3000 times of spraying 40% EC to control jujube scale insects and other pests.

The red jujube trunk was whitened before overwintering (formula: the ratio of water, quicklime, lime-sulfur mixture and salt was 10 ∶ 3 ∶ 0.5 ∶ 0.5) to prevent frost injury and hare gnawing bark; according to the characteristics that jujube root neck was easily frozen to death by snow cover, the survival rate of jujube overwintering could be effectively improved by bundling 40 cm high cold-proof grass belt above ground level.

two。 Cotton cultivation

The rational allocation of row spacing of dense plants in ① adopts the strip cultivation mode, with 1.2m wide film, one film and four rows, and the configuration mode is (10: 20: 50: 20: 10: 60) × 9.5cm, with 16512 holes per square meter.

② soil preparation and sowing water, jujube and cotton interplanting farmland need to implement winter irrigation + spring irrigation two water system to ensure that jujube planting and cotton sowing moisture is appropriate.

Every 667 square meters, 3 tons of farm manure, 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate and urea, 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer and 30 centimeters of deep soil are applied, which requires fine broken soil layer and no large clods and residual film in the field, so as to create conditions for sowing the whole seedling.

Sowing begins on April 5 and ends around April 20. Sowing in the best suitable sowing time requires that the sowing line is straight, the film is flat, the film is pressed tightly, the soil cover is uniform, the thickness of the soil cover is 1: 1.5 cm, and 2 grains are planted under each hole, the film surface is clean and the lighting surface is large.

3. Field management

① fixed seedlings cotton seedlings began to fix seedlings after the current complete seedlings, select strong seedlings, eliminate weak seedlings, cultivate good neck protection soil.

② ploughing seedlings after timely ploughing, depth of 15 cm, in order to increase temperature and strong roots, promote early seedling development, and eliminate weeds in the field.

③ fertilization in the early bud stage of cotton in mid-late May, spraying foliar fertilizer twice; from the middle of July to the middle of the month, spraying 200g potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1% urea solution for 4 times according to the growth of cotton; ditching and topdressing chemical fertilizer before head water, 15kg of diammonium phosphate and 25kg of urea.

④ irrigation adheres to the principle of "no drought, no irrigation, a small amount and many times", giving consideration to jujube and cotton. Cotton irrigation head water after the middle of June, the first water should be opened, ditched and fertilized. The second and third water must be stopped according to the actual situation, otherwise it will be disadvantageous to the growth of jujube trees.

⑤ chemical adjustment according to the growth of cotton, determine the time and amount of application of propranolol, adhere to

The principle of "early, light and diligent". In the early stage of cotton budding, 667 square meters were lightly adjusted with 0.5 square meters of thalidomide, 667 square meters in front of the head water and the second water were adjusted with 5 grams of propranolol, and the 667 square meters of 667 square meters were re-adjusted with 6 grams of thalidomide 7 days after topping.

The top of ⑥ began to top around July 15, with one leaf and one heart removed, and the group tips and invalid buds were knocked out in late August. In the cotton field with poor ventilation and light transmission, pushing plants and ridges were carried out to promote the early maturity of cotton and increase the proportion of flowers before frost.

① pest control of cotton aphids: before entering the cotton field, pay close attention to the overwintering host control; after entering the cotton field, strengthen monitoring, piecewise treatment, benefit and control.

Cotton thrips: immediately after cotton seedlings are sprayed with 1.8% avermectin 3000 times or omethoate 1500 times, the time is controlled before the harm of cotton aphids.

Cotton bollworm: adhere to comprehensive control, do a good job of autumn ploughing and winter irrigation, shovel ridges to remove pupae, plant trapping zones in the field, use frequency vibrating insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adults, and pay close attention to the control of the second and third generation cotton bollworm larvae.

III. Harvest

1. After the opening of cotton bolls, the system of picking, drying, storage and grading should be strict, foreign bodies should be prohibited, and the price of flowers should be raised.

two。 When the jujube fruit is ripe, it should be harvested, dried and graded in time, and attention should be paid to prevent the mildew of the fruit from affecting the quality.