High yield techniques of intercropping three crops in jujube orchard

Jujube has strong growth adaptability and is a temperature-loving and light-loving species. It begins to branch when the air temperature reaches 13 ℃ in spring, the flower bud begins to differentiate when the monthly average temperature is above 17 ℃, and blossoms when the monthly average temperature is above 20 ℃. The optimum temperature for fruit ripening is 18-22 ℃, and the leaves begin to fall when the temperature drops to 15 ℃. According to its characteristics of late germination, early defoliation and less shade, it is suitable for intercropping with grain, cotton and vegetables, and the economic benefit is very considerable. In this paper, the high yield techniques of interplanting three crops of jujube in one year are introduced.

1. Key points of jujube cultivation techniques

1. Time and method of planting. Generally, the planting time of jujube is better in spring, and the survival rate is higher in the budding stage. In recent years, planting with leaves in autumn has been adopted in Huaibei Plain, the survival rate is relatively high, and the slow seedling period can be shortened.

2. Dig holes in the ground. Before the cultivated land is cultivated in autumn, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, generally applying soil miscellaneous manure 2000kg, phosphate fertilizer 100kg and urea 2Okg per mu. Turn the soil deeply after fertilizing. The planting density is 4m × 7m, which generally requires the north-south direction and dig a large hole of 1m square. Before planting, backfill topsoil 80cm deep and irrigate again.

3. Planting method. Jujube seedlings generally require large seedlings with a height of 2.5m and root diameter above 2cm, which can achieve quick results. The planting depth should be consistent with the original seedling depth, and it should be irrigated in time after planting and watered for 2 or 3 times in the same year to ensure the survival of the seedlings.

2. Key points of jujube intercropping with three crops of vegetables

After the jujube tree is planted, the row spacing of 7m wide can be fully utilized for interplanting under the jujube forest. Huaibei Plain generally interplanting potatoes, watermelons and radishes, three seasons a year, the harvest is very good, the growth period is short, the income is fast, the benefit is high.

1. Potato intercropping.

Sliced ① potatoes. The size of tuber plays an important role in increasing the yield of potato. Before the Beginning of Spring, cut the potato into several small pieces with a knife according to the bud eye, usually 2 pieces of 50g, 80g and 120g, and no more than 6 pieces of 150g. The tuber is too small, the yield is low, the tuber is too big, although the yield is high, but the input cost is also high. No matter the tuber is large or small, each tuber should have 2-3 bud eyes, and its weight should not be less than 25-30g.

Vernalization treatment of ② tuber. Vernalization treatment of tuber is one of the most important technical methods, which can not only promote the early maturity of potato, harvest ahead of time in summer, but also increase the yield. Vernalization treatment, usually in the courtyard or house with brick pool, covered with plastic film, budding time is 25-30 days. Vernalization treatment in the house should be illuminated by light to accelerate budding. The time of sprouting is generally 30-45 days.

③ planting time. Potato tubers could sprout normally under the conditions of 6: 7 ℃ and air circulation, but the optimum temperature for development was 4: 5 ℃. The planting time is generally about 10 days after the Beginning of Spring, and the plant row spacing is 35cm × 70cm. One tuber was planted in each hole, the depth was about 10cm, and it was planted along the ridge. The ridge is made into an upper bow, covered with plastic film, and tightly compacted on both sides with soil seal to facilitate heat preservation, moisture conservation and moisture preservation.

The membrane of ④ was broken. Ten days after planting, we should pay attention to observe the germination. Tubers have 60% of 70% of the buds, and when the sun is strong, the membrane should be broken immediately and tightly compacted with fine soil to prevent burning seedlings and air leakage to cool down.

2. Intercropping potato and watermelon. Potatoes can usually be harvested in 100 days. The intercropping of potato and watermelon does not affect the growth and yield of potato, but also does not delay the growth of watermelon. Along the edge of two rows of jujube trees, each order a row of watermelons, let the vines grow to the middle; in the middle, order two rows of watermelons side by side, so that the vines stretch to both sides. In mid-April, after digging a small trench in the open space and watering and loosening the soil, the watermelon seeds that had been soaked were soaked. After the potato was harvested, the watermelon vine began to blossom and set fruit. The two do not affect each other and kill two birds with one stone.

3. Big radish is planted in watermelon stubble. Watermelons are generally harvested in August, while September is the best time to sow radish, with the least investment, convenient and labor-saving management and extensive management, but the yield is extremely high. 1 mu can generally harvest watermelon 4000kg, the land is slightly fertile, can harvest more than 5500kg.

III. Benefit analysis

1. The income of jujube trees. Jujube can produce high yield after planting for 3-4 years, and one jujube tree can produce fresh jujube 50kg. In the past two years, the wholesale price of fresh jujube in the market is 3 yuan / kg,1, the output value of jujube tree is 150 yuan. According to 24 plants per mu, the annual income can be 3600 yuan in half a year. To the high yield period of 5 ~ 10 years, one jujube tree can produce fresh jujube 80~200kg, and the benefit is considerable.

2. The income of potatoes. If you harvest potato 2000kg per mu, if you calculate it at 1 yuan / kg, you can earn at least 2000 yuan.

3. The income of watermelons. According to the double-row planting method with row spacing of 0.4 m × 4 m, 832 watermelons were planted, and one watermelon could bear 832 watermelons. The average value of one watermelon is calculated according to 4.5kg, 0.8 yuan / kg yuan, and the watermelon 3744kg can be harvested, which is worth 2995 yuan.

4. the income of radish. One mu can generally be harvested 4500kg, according to the lowest price in the past two years (average 0.2yuan / kg), the income of one mu is 900yuan. According to this calculation, the income of one mu of jujube orchard intercropping is almost equivalent to that of a small department store in the countryside. If the intercropping area of jujube orchard is large, the income will be more considerable.