Apply the "three fertilizers" of rice well

Seedlings flourish, invalid tillers grow rapidly, resulting in greedy green late maturity; some seedlings grow shade, leading to diseases such as sheath blight or rice blast. If fertilizer damage occurs in rice fields, the yield will be reduced in light cases, and the seedlings will be ploughed and replanted in heavy cases.

In order to give full play to the fertilization effect of rice, in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, we must apply "three fertilizers" in topdressing, that is, tillering fertilizer, panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer. Rice fertilization should be considered comprehensively according to variety characteristics, soil fertility, climatic factors and cultivation conditions, and applied flexibly. The fertilizer demand of rice is shown in the nutrition period, the nutrition critical period and the maximum nutrition efficiency period. For example, the growth period of early rice is short, the amount of fertilizer required is relatively less, and fertilization should be early and concentrated. If the growth period of middle rice and late rice is longer, the amount of fertilizer needed is large and the intensity is high, the times of topdressing should be increased and the proportion of topdressing should be increased. The critical period of nitrogen, phosphorus and fertilizer in rice generally appeared in the three-leaf stage, and sometimes the critical period of nitrogen and potassium also appeared in the stage of young panicle differentiation and panicle formation. The maximum nutritional efficiency period of rice occurs in the long panicle stage, which is not only the most exuberant stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, but also the key period of fertilizer demand.

According to research, for every 100 kg of rice, it is necessary to absorb 1.6-2.5 kg of nitrogen, 0.8-1.2 kg of phosphorus and 2.1-3.0 kg of potassium from the soil. The proportion of the three elements is 2:1:3.

After understanding the law and characteristics of fertilizer requirement of rice, reasonable topdressing should be carried out by stages.

First, early application of tiller fertilizer. The topdressing from transplanting to young panicle differentiation is called tillering fertilizer. Tillering fertilizer requires early topdressing time and sufficient quantity, and the general amount of tillering fertilizer accounts for 50%-60% of the total topdressing. Because the tillering stage is the first peak period of absorbing nitrogen nutrition in rice life, and because the air temperature, water temperature and soil temperature are low in the early growth stage of rice, and the nutrient release is slow, the amount of topdressing is too little to meet the nutrient needs of rice. Only early application is beneficial to early tillering, more tillering and reducing tillering node position of rice. Tillering fertilizer was applied 7-10 days after rice planting, and urea was applied 5-7 kg per mu. Insufficient base fertilizer can be properly increased, but can not be blindly excessive topdressing to prevent crazy growth.

Second, skillfully apply ear fertilizer. The topdressing from the beginning of young panicle differentiation to before heading is called panicle fertilizer. It is also the second peak of nitrogen uptake. The application of panicle fertilizer can protect flowers and increase grains, and promote larger panicles and more grains. And can prevent greed and lodging. Technically, it is necessary to achieve several points: first, the fields with good soil fertility, sufficient bottom fertilizer and many tillers are not applied; second, the leaves do not hang dew in the morning, the leaves are straight at noon, and the leaves are yellowish; and third, they are not applied in rainy days and rush to apply in sunny days. The application time is the round rod stage of rice. Apply 3-4 kg of urea per mu, plus a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and spray 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 50 kg per mu of leaves.

Third, apply grain fertilizer. Topdressing after heading is called grain fertilizer or strong seed fertilizer. Grain fertilizer can prolong the functional period of leaves, prevent premature senescence and increase grain weight. However, it should be noted that the seedlings are not applied if they are not yellow, on cloudy and rainy days, and in fields with diseases. Choose to spray 1% urea solution in the afternoon on a sunny day, or 500 times Huimanfeng active liquid fertilizer, 50 kg per mu. For the paddy fields that have developed sheath blight and febrile disease, pesticides such as sclerotia, different rice plague, Wenkujing, Nongkang 120 and carbendazim should be selected to control.