Teach you about the flowers of plants.

Plants blossom in order to bear fruit. The seeds are wrapped in the fruit, which fall on the ground and grow again, so that the life of the plant can multiply. This mode of reproduction is called sexual reproduction. Of course, some plants can also reproduce by cutting or burying their tubers in the soil, which is called asexual reproduction. Among the more than 350000 known species of plants, more than 250000 species reproduce sexually. The flower of a plant is made up of calyx, receptacle, petals and stamens. The flowers that these parts have are called complete flowers, but the flowers of many plants are not complete. Stamens can be divided into stamens and pistils. Some plants have both pistils and stamens in their flowers, such as peach, tomato and rape, but some plants have only pistils or stamens in their flowers, such as corn, pumpkin and cucumber. Some plants are monoecious, such as corn, pumpkin, castor, a plant has both male and female flowers; some plants are dioecious, such as ginkgo, mulberry, asparagus, a plant has only male flowers or only female flowers. The top of the stamen is the anther, which produces pollen grains. At the tip of the pistil is the stigma, which connects the ovary through the style.

Please pick a flower to observe. Is it a complete flower? Does it have a pistil? Do you have stamens? The stigma secretes a kind of stickiness that is stuck when the pollen grains fall on the stigma. As a result, the pollen grains are stimulated to grow a pollen tube, and two sperm cells are developed in the tube at the same time. The pollen tube gradually elongates. After entering the ovule, one sperm cell combines with the egg cell to form an embryo, and the other sperm cell combines with other cells in the ovule to form an endosperm that stores nutrients. Teach you that plant seeds mature seeds are made up of seed coat, embryo and endosperm. The embryo consists of radicle, germ, Hypocotyl and cotyledon. Some plant seeds have endosperm, such as corn, wheat, rice and so on. The endosperm of some plant seeds degenerates and the nutrients are transferred to the cotyledons, such as legumes. Soak the seeds of soybeans or broad beans in water overnight. After the seed coat is broken, break the two cotyledons to recognize where is the germ, where is the radicle, where is the Hypocotyl. The cycle of life in nature: people and animals eat plants, feces and corpses return to the soil, and the residual branches and leaves of plants return to the soil; microorganisms, fungi, and earthworms in the soil decompose the remains of these animals and plants into nutrients that plants can absorb; plants absorb water and these nutrients from the soil, grow and feed people and animals. If anything goes wrong in any part of the cycle, it will cause chaos in the whole system and give rise to many headaches. The master has taught you many articles about raw stone flowers. If you only read one article, then I will recommend the following article to you. The author Jiang Fengliao describes his experience of knowing raw stone flowers for many years in a vivid style. After reading it, you will like raw stone flowers better, and you will also know more about them. Apricot world, rich in species, various forms, reproduction, after thousands of years, apricot plants with its indomitable properties, or tortoise, or mimicry, try to fill countless forbidden places in the world. Under the scorching sun, above the yellow sand, depend on the barren, coexist with the sun and the moon. Come to think of it, this should be the spirit of the wilderness, away from home, living in a small bullet is already offensive, if not kind, even more contrary to Changlun …... The Master said: is it true that Zi is not a fish and knows the joy of fish? 1. Know that Caryophyllaceae belongs to dicotyledonous class, Caryophyllaceae, there are about 126 genera in the family, and Caryophyllaceae is just one of them. It is mainly distributed in southern Africa, but it is also recorded in Australia and the Central Pacific region. This genus is the representative species of the word "mimicry" in the process of biological evolution. Mimicry, that is, camouflage, integrate into the surrounding environment, in order to passively resist the invasion of nature. The leaves of stone flowers are opposite, hypertrophic and round, and the surface has different patterns and colors according to different producing areas. For example: native woodland, meadow near the species, the surface is green or grayish green, in order to adapt to the main tone of the environment. On the other hand, a large number of varieties originating in hills and mountainous areas are yellow and brown. Finally, those originating in exposed environments such as sand and rock piles are mostly white or grayish white. In addition to being close to the hue of the environment, they also reflect sunlight and lower "body temperature." When it comes to origin and body surface color, we should understand a truth that we want to explain, not to mention here. Stone flowers grow at a suitable temperature of 10-35 degrees, and the average daily temperature is lower than 10 degrees. If the temperature is higher than 35 degrees, it will enter protective dormancy. However, if the temperature at night is below 30 degrees, even if it rises to 50 degrees during the day, as long as it is not rotten, its growth rate is still considerable. Stone flower, no matter old or young, has obvious main root. The frequent root pruning in horticultural planting in order to speed up the growth rate will cause the main root to be not obvious, but after the stable planting over time, the main root will always be reflected. And eventually, a relatively large connective tissue will be formed at the junction of the stem, which is what we call the old root. The origin dimension of stone flower is roughly equivalent to that of the Yangtze River Basin in China (the values of southern and northern latitudes are similar). However, because it is located in Africa, the heat island effect is not obvious, and because the coastlines of the east and west sides of South Africa are relatively close, under the synchronous action of marine climate, the annual average temperature in the native place is much lower than that in the Yangtze River basin in China. And it has the characteristics of large temperature difference between day and night. Four-year-old stone flowers will begin to bloom, flower buds begin to differentiate in mid-autumn, the process is slow, about 15-20 days to bloom, florescence 6-7 days, if pollination is successful, it will immediately wither. The seed clip appears at the base of the flower and grows with the withering of the flower. The initial color is turquoise and gradually turns red until dry yellow. The development of the fruit is extremely slow and will not fully mature until May of the following year. On the other hand, the internal seeds still have a post-ripening period of half a year and mature completely in October. Stone flowers of origin have only one season of dormancy, that is, winter in the southern hemisphere. There is little rain in the local winter, and the extreme low temperature at night is lower than the bearable limit of the normal growing stone flower.Therefore, in order to prevent frost injury, the stone flower after anthesis will make the old leaves shrink and dry in winter, and new leaves will develop at the growing point of the stem below the soil surface, in order to make a comeback. In the coming spring, when Rain Water is full of flowers, the fully developed new leaves will accelerate the growth and break the old skin into a new plant. Under normal circumstances, stone flowers between the ages of 5 and 6 will split up, which is equivalent to lateral buds. In theory, the frequency and number of split heads are geometric multiples, that is, 1 to 2, 2 to 4. The actual operation varies due to the difference between environment and nutritional status, the probability of separation between dry environment and healthy plants will be higher, while the bad environment and enough luck will make the number of separate heads show a "mouse formula" growth. Second, the previous life of stone flowers originated in South Africa, enlightenment in Europe and the United States, horticulture in Japan, developed in China. European and American lovers introduce and breed to maintain their lineage. Professional greenhouse breeding adopts an one-stroke mode, which strictly restricts cross-species hybridization. The famous Koch number also represents the rigorous attitude of people in Europe and the United States. Japanese horticulturists are good at cross breeding. After undirected crossing, they often sow seeds on the basis of ten thousand. A few years later, a small number of varieties with special appearance are selected as female parents, and then directional pollination and breeding begin. Cycle back and forth until the gene of the new product is stable. Yoshihiko Shimada, with more than 50 years of cross breeding Shihua accumulation, worthy of the title of Japanese Shihua Tai Dou. Mainland florists take quantity as the main line, vegetable plots as carriers, carry forward endangered plants as the goal, sow a large number of European and American seeds as means, in millions of units. The stone flower, an endangered plant of origin, has been pushed onto the red line of alien species, completely subverting the unfavorable form of one plant with one price in the past, thus creating a good situation of selling stone flowers in a kilo. Third, understand the cultivation of stone flowers, it is generally believed that succulent plants need less water and more sun, and so is the stone flowers. In fact, in the process of planting, the less water and more sun of stone flowers are relative. The reasons for the suspense not mentioned above have been explained. First, the water demand and sunshine degree are different due to different producing areas. Such as purple smoked sun wheel, the body surface color is darker, the origin is mostly in the meadow or under the forest, its own demand for water is higher, timely replenishment of water can ensure healthy growth. As for lighting, long astigmatism or half-day light is fine. While Fulai, Dajinhui and other light-colored varieties, the origin is mostly in high mountains or even rock-covered areas, dry and thoroughly watered is a flood for them, 1-2 times a month is enough. For light, strong all-day sunlight is required. Second, it is the physiological relationship. The same stone flower should be watered more during the growing period, less in cold and cool days, less in flowering period, less in high temperature days, and cut off in peeling period and dormant period. As for sunshine, will you try to keep an all-day sunshine of Otsu on a hot day of 40 degrees? Speaking of hot days, here is a concept to be instilled in you. Stone flower has a small surface area, and its internal succulent physiological structure has a strong effect on heat accumulation, while the water-locking ability of the outer skin makes it difficult to emit its own internal temperature. Especially when the outside world is in a high temperature environment, the internal temperature of stone flowers is often much higher than the temperature, and a lot of physiological decay begins here. Therefore, ventilation must be considered in the whole process of stone flower planting, and the fan is the most cost-effective solution. Stone flowers are lazy plants, but at the same time, they are also plants that test their planting skills. They are very particular about how they are planted and how they are planted in groups. Generally speaking, the formula is as follows: use small pot rather than big, use soil rather than miscellaneous; plant shallow rather than deep, the shop surface is not only beautiful; single species is not as good as group planting, group planting pay attention to interval; master variety habits, mixed species are easy to cause accidents. The above explanations are as follows: 1. Small pots can easily create a fast-drying environment and facilitate the growth of plant roots. 2. Vegetarian soil will reduce a lot of troubles such as fat and burning roots and bacterial reproduction. 3. The pathological and physiological decay of stone flowers mostly starts from the growing point, that is, the part of the stem or neck, so this position needs to be ventilated. 4, consistent with the above; the neck should be breathable, but what if the plants do not stagger into the soil? This needs the shop surface to solve, the grain light stone pavement, can solve this contradiction perfectly. 5. Stone flower is a group plant, no matter on or under the soil surface, it needs to create a local small environment to ensure healthy growth. Group loading can be used as a solution before there is no group. 6. the interval of group planting is to ensure that each plant has enough space for root growth and to ensure heat dissipation and ventilation in high temperature and high humidity weather. 7. Multi-variety mixed planting should pay attention to the habits of varieties, and what needs to be considered is the difference of water demand and sunshine, not the visual effect. Fourth, he has a deep knowledge of soil. Lao Jiang has paid close attention to the introduction and interpretation of soil in many professional books. but what impressed me most was the interpretation of the soil in an article written by Christians for the church about planting-- qualified soil should be active, in which a large number of probiotics will decompose organic matter and produce nutrients for plants to absorb. Among them, organic matter and probiotics are essential keys. Let's take a look at the soil we use now, such as red jade, deer marsh, solar direction and light stone. It is composed almost entirely of inorganic minerals and due to high temperature disinfection. Organic matter and probiotics have long been gone. Novice generally believe that the Japanese grain planting, often do not know why. For example, a horticulturist will generously ask you to visit his plantation and ignore you to look through his potted soil. However, you should never go to see the sundries rack in his greenhouse, because there are many secrets that can explain why other people's flower species can grow in the red jade soil, while your red jade soil can only save lives. In Europe and the United States, a large proportion of materials such as peat and Maifan stone are used. In fact, the physical effect is similar to that of Japanese planting, except that peat contains a lot of organic matter and humus. On the other hand, Maifan stone plays the role of drainage and quick drying. In previous articles, Lao Jiang has described the benefits of Japanese-style granules. It is true that for beginners, feeding is the key, but you can't admit death. It is better to read dead books than not to read books at all. Only by constantly thinking about the experiences and lessons in our own cultivation, can we develop in the planting level. For example, the truth that red jade soil does not grow just now can be easily solved if some organic matter such as peat is added to it. As for the amount of addition, due to the different personal environment and methods, you can start with the smallest proportion. It is recommended to start at 10%. Fifth, understand that floral apparatus is not only the living place of plants, the container carrying the life medium on which they grow, but also a tool to create a beautiful and tidy cultivation environment. From the point of view of cultivation, the flower organ must be physically and chemically stable, suitable in size, and warm and breathable, in which ventilation is the key. The roots of any plant need a large amount of oxygen to maintain the operation of physiological mechanisms, even aquatic plants. As for the stone flower, it also needs an environment in which the air convection between the top and bottom of the pot is needed to ensure that the soil dries quickly, which puts forward a higher requirement for the flower apparatus. Generally speaking, domestic enthusiasts generally use S5 seedling trays or 7CM black square flowers as planting pots for stone flowers, while a few high-grade varieties or group plants will consider using sanding pots. However, there are also a small number of flower friends of the stream of consciousness, driven by visual effects obsessive-compulsive disorder, will use a large number of colored porcelain pots or hand-made pottery pots to plant. Porcelain pots, pottery pots and so on, as most users are more interested in the environment than plants, so let's not criticize for the time being, let's discuss some flowers commonly used by lovers. Judging from experience, the stone flower under 5 years old grows best and its root system is the most developed in the soil below 7CM. For example, the effect of group planting in S5 is significantly better than just using it as a storage tray (that is, planting in black and then collected in S5). Although the second method is more refined on the surface, compared with direct planting, the soil height has increased a lot, its air permeability and quick drying performance has been greatly reduced, and the extension of root system and the expansion of main root are obviously not as good as direct planting. In addition, the basin with appropriate depth can prevent the excessive growth of the main root of stone flower, and the main root protruding from the bottom of the basin will be naturally trimmed under the action of air, thus making the whisker root in the basin exuberant and the base of the main root expanding rapidly. As a result, the growth rate and resistance of plants will be greatly improved. After all, we are talking about horticulture, and the growth rate is still an important indicator that should be paid attention to. Finally, we would like to emphasize that only the basin with holes at the bottom is not enough for stone flowers. A small hole under the porcelain pot and pottery basin can only guarantee no stagnant water. As for convection and ventilation, it is an extravagant hope. According to the data analysis, for a qualified stone flower planting pot, the area of the ventilation opening at the bottom should be more than 20% of the basin area, or more, in order to fully ensure the air convection between the upper and lower parts. Even a section of sewer pipe sawed into 10CM is very suitable for growing stone flowers. Sixth, knowing that self-cultivation is a verb, which shows that in the process of cultivation, the real protagonist is actually the grower himself, and the plant is only a receptor. The environment, techniques and even the choice of flowers and media that we usually pay attention to are human factors without exception. Whether the plant is healthy or not, in the man-made environment, the natural state of the original place can no longer be used as a condition for thinking and judging the cultivation method. It is often said that stone flowers suffer and starve in nature, and so on. The conclusion is that stone flowers are cheap and can be raised at will. Yes, the stone flower has strong vitality, but the premise is that the grower must abide by the laws of nature. In order to ensure that your stone flowers can be reborn after being pecked by wild birds and bitten by pets, what kind of environment and techniques should be used in the growing season and in the dormant season must be strictly observed in order to ensure that your stone flowers can be reborn after falling off the flower shelf. The advice here is to control your hand-look at the flowers and don't do it, which is an effective rule to become an immortal (but it doesn't include the occasional technical movements to help the prolific Mrs. Li peel). The way to control your hands can be shackles or learning. learn the habits of plants, learn the experiences and lessons of other enthusiasts, and learn to think and help yourself build confidence, so that your hand doesn't have much reason to reach out to the flowerpot.