Cultivation techniques of Panax Notoginseng

Panax notoginseng was propagated by seeds. The seeds of three-year-old plants were selected and collected when a large number of fruits matured and turned red from November to December. Remove the pericarp and sow the mature and pest-free seeds in winter immediately. If it is too late to sow, the fruit should be spread out in a sieve, about 3 cm thick, and can be stored in a ventilated and cool place for 7 to 10 days. For outward transportation, the pericarp should be removed, cleaned, mixed into 2 times wet sand and stored in wooden boxes.

Sowing land and transplanting land should choose loam or sandy loam with high topography and good drainage, sunny gentle slope (slope 515 degrees) or uncultivated land. Ploughing several times in autumn, and then through 3 ploughs and 3 rakes, rake the soil fine, and then make a border with a height of 25 cm 35 cm and a width of 100 cm 120 cm. The border surface is made into a comb back shape, and the drainage ditch between the two borders is 45 cm 60 cm. Before sowing and planting, 3000kg / mu mature organic fertilizer was applied, 25kg calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was added, and the fertilizer was spread evenly on the border surface, and then turned into the soil layer 4cm deep.

In the south, winter sowing and on-demand sowing are mostly used, with row spacing of 6 cm and plant spacing of 5 cm. After sowing, they are covered with fine fertile soil to cover no seeds. Cover with weeds to avoid soil consolidation. In the south, the seedlings are sown for about 3 months in winter and come out in 4 months. If spring sowing is carried out in the north, the seeds must be stored in wet sand, sown with germinated seeds, and emerge one month after sowing.

Transplanting one year or 2023 after sowing, mostly in the south in December, and in the north in November or mid-March to early April (after soil thawing), when the buds did not germinate. Do not hurt the roots when digging seedlings, and plant them according to the grades of large, medium and small. Planting method: ① opened a flat bottom groove on the finished border surface, which was 3 cm deep and wide enough to fit into Panax notoginseng root, bud downhill, tail facing slope, row spacing 17 cm × 15 cm. ② double planting: open a small ditch across the border surface, 2 cm deep, 15 cm apart, and then put two Panax notoginseng buds to buds and tail to tail grooves every 20 cm. The two trees on the border, the roots to the border, cover the prepared fertilizer while planting, about 3 cm thick, so that the buds are not exposed. Then cover the grass for about 3 centimeters, based on the principle of not seeing the soil.

Panax notoginseng is overcast, artificial cultivation needs to build a shed to shade. After land preparation, wooden sticks, bamboo, corn stalks and weeds are used as materials to form a 1-1.5-meter-high flat-roofed shade. The transmittance of the shade must be adjusted at any time according to different growing periods and seasons, and strong light is needed during sowing and bolting, flowering and seed setting, especially at the seedling stage. In the dry and sunny season, the shade shed should be properly encrypted to reduce the light transmittance.

After the seedlings are ready in early spring, weeds should be weeded in time, and the soil should be loosened in time after rain. When the roots of Panax notoginseng are exposed, the soil should be cultivated in time. As the roots of Panax notoginseng are shallow in the soil, topdressing should grasp the principle of "less quantity, more times". If farm manure is used as topdressing, it must be mature. During the seedling period, more smoked soil was applied once after leaf exhibition, 150-200kg per mu, half a month later, mixed organic fertilizer 2500 kg per mu after May, and 2000 kg of fecal water per month after June until August. After planting, dry fertilizer was applied once from April to May in the following year, and clear fecal water was applied once a month from June to August, 1500kg / mu to 3000 kg / mu. For Panax notoginseng for more than three years, the time and times of topdressing should be increased, and once a month, the fecal water should be cleared once a month, 15002000 kg / mu, and plant ash should be added, mixed dry fertilizer should be applied at bud stage and flowering stage, 3000 kg per mu, and bud cover fertilizer should be applied again from September to October to protect buds to promote strong.

During the whole growing period of Panax notoginseng, the soil must be kept moist and not dry. Strengthen the drainage in the rainy season, do not accumulate water.

Bolting is a new measure to improve the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng. Starting from the second year, the flowers are picked in time when panax notoginseng bolting begins to bloom every year. Except for those who leave seeds.

As there are more diseases and insect pests in Panax notoginseng, prevention and control should be strengthened. Standing blight (also known as "rotten foot plague") is harmful to seeds, seed buds and seedlings. Control methods: 1 kg pentachloronitrobenzene per mu before sowing in ①; soaking seeds in 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 100 Bordeaux solution for 10 minutes before sowing in ②, or soaking seeds in 1 ∶ 10 garlic juice for 2 hours to disinfect; watering the disease area with 200 times pentachloronitrobenzene in the early stage of ③. Root rot damage to the root, prevention and control methods: ① selected good drainage plots for planting, timely drainage in the rainy season; ② transplanting selection of strong disease-free strips; ③ timely removal of diseased plants and disinfection of disease holes with lime; ④ disease period with carbendazim 1000 times solution or 50% methyl thiophanate 1000 times solution to irrigate the disease area.