Planting and Management of Panax Notoginseng

(1) Overview

Alias Tian Qi, gold will not be changed.

Panax notoginseng (Panaxpseudo-ginsengWall.), a plant of Araliaceae, is used as medicine with root and rhizome. Is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, raw use can stop blood stasis, swelling and pain, Yunnan Baiyao is the main ingredient, the flowers and leaves of the same plant can also be used as tea. It is also cultivated in Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces. It was successfully introduced to the south of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province.

(2) Plant characteristics

Perennial herbs. Stem erect, 30cm tall, longitudinally striated or angularly prismatic. There are recumbent fleshy roots and roots in the ground. Palmately compound leaves 3-5 whorls born at the top of the stem, leaflets 5-7, ovoid or lanceolate, green serrate, densely tomentose along veins, umbels, solitary at the top of the total flower stalk, with numerous florets. Drupe berrylike, nearly reniform, green when tender, red when ripe, with 1-3 seeds.

(3) growth characteristics

Like warmth, avoid severe cold. It is suitable for cultivation in areas where there is no severe cold in winter, no extreme heat in summer, and small temperature difference in the four seasons. After freezing, the roots and seeds were frost-damaged and mildewed. Like half yin and half yang, suitable topography, orientation and slope, where there is water, avoid the scorching sun. The annual average temperature in Yunnan is 20.1 ℃, the average maximum temperature is 34 ℃, and the average minimum temperature is 4 ℃. The annual average temperature is between 15 and 17 degrees, and the annual precipitation is 920.9 mm. The air relative humidity is very high throughout the growing season, which is suitable for 70% to 90%. If it is less than 50%, it will cause serious leaf disease (physiological disease), causing all leaves to dry up and fall off. Panax notoginseng can only grow one palm-shaped compound leaf a year, and three in two years.

(4) cultivation techniques

1. Black sandy loam is generally the best soil for soil preparation. Soil pH pH4.5~7 is suitable. The previous crop of corn, beans and peanuts is better, do not choose prep as the previous crop. Cultivated land 3 times from late August to before sowing, the first ploughing depth is 3 cm, the second ploughing depth is 4-5 cm, rake once. The third tillage is 5cm deep, the soil is raked fine, and then it is made into a border with a height of 25-30cm and a width of 100cm-110cm, and the border surface is made into a comb-back shape. The drainage ditch between the two borders is 45cm-60cm, and the transplanting site is the same as the sowing land. Then cover the border with corn straw or weeds about 5cm thick, burn to ash, and prepare fully mature manure per hectare: 52500 kg of Kang soil, 22500000 kg of barnyard manure, 375kg of cake fertilizer, with a total amount of 75000 kg. To be used for sowing and planting. There are three ways to apply base fertilizer during sowing and planting: (1) put the fertilizer directly on the root soil or seed to cover the soil. (2) half of the fertilizer is mixed into the border soil, and the other half is used to cover the soil. (3) cover a small amount of soil in the border and spread the fertilizer on it. The above three methods are required to reach the soil cover depth of 2 cm.

2. The method of reproduction is to propagate with seeds.

(1) the seeds of Panax notoginseng selected for seed use should be given by three-year-old plants. when the fruit is red in November, it should be picked along with the red, or when it is more than 80% mature, it should be picked once in a sunny day, and the peel should be removed. Seeds that are full and free from diseases and insect pests are also collected and sown. If it is too late to sow, be sure to put the fruit in the sieve, about 0.5cm thick, keep it in a cool and ventilated place for about 10 days, remove the pericarp, clean it, mix it into twice as wet, and store it in a water tank.

(2) the main sowing method is winter sowing (Shaanxi is also winter sowing), and spring sowing (thawing) can also be used in the north, with row spacing of 2 cm and plant spacing of 1.7 cm. The distribution of sown seeds was uneven and the plant growth was not uniform. Cover soil (actually cover fertilizer, make or cover fine soil according to the method of applying base fertilizer mentioned above) 1.7cm to 2cm, cover without seeds. Cover with weeds to avoid soil consolidation. Winter sowing in the south emerges in about 3 months and all in 4 months. Sowing in winter in the north, cover grass after sowing to prevent soil freezing, if spring sowing seeds must be stored in wet sand, sown with cracks or germinated seeds, and emerge one month after sowing.

(3) the colonization method was planted one year or two or three years after sowing, mostly in December in the south and from November or mid-March to early April in the north (after soil thawing). Do not hurt the roots when digging seedlings, choose healthy Panax notoginseng roots without diseases and insect pests, classify according to size, and plant separately. Planting method: ① slotted horizontally on the finished border (digging pond), the bottom is flat, about 6 cm deep, wide enough to fit into Panax notoginseng root, bud down, tail root slope, row spacing 4-5 cm. ② double-plant planting: a small trench was made across the border surface, with a depth of 4cm and a distance of 5cm. Then put the Panax notoginseng root buds to buds, tail to tail grooves every 6 cm, two trees on the border, the roots in the border, cut and cover the prepared fertilizer, about 1 cm thick, and then cover the grass about 1 cm thick.

Experiments in recent years have proved that direct seeding Panax notoginseng has deep roots, enhanced drought resistance, and significantly increased yield.

3. Field management

(1) topdressing fertilizer should be rotten, appropriate amount for many times. More smoked soil was applied during the seedling period, the first time after leaf exhibition, 2250-3000 kg per hectare, half a month later, pig, horse, human manure and cruller mixed fertilizer, 37500 kg per hectare, and 30000 kg of dung water per month after June. Until August. After planting, dry fertilizer was applied once from April to May in the following year. Clear fecal water was applied once a month from June to August, 22500-45000 kg per hectare, based on the principle of multiple appropriate amounts. The time and frequency of topdressing of Panax notoginseng for more than 3 years was earlier and more than that of Panax notoginseng in 2000. After leaf spreading, the fecal water was cleared once a month, 22500kg / ha, and mixed dry fertilizer was applied at bud stage and flowering stage. 45000 kg per hectare, cover bud fertilizer again from September to October to protect buds and promote health.

(2) the root system of Panax notoginseng for drainage and irrigation is distributed on the surface of the soil, and the ability of drought resistance is very weak. During the whole growing period, the soil must be kept moist. If the soil is dry and the roots of Panax notoginseng are dry, it is easy to rot the roots after watering. Generally, water is watered once after planting and sowing grass cover, and then watered every 10 to 15 days. Waterlogging is strengthened in the rainy season, so that there is no stagnant water in the garden and the water outside the garden is smooth.

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