Cultivation and processing techniques of Panax Notoginseng

Panax notoginseng, alias Tianqi, Tian Sanqi, Panax notoginseng, Panax notoginseng, mountain lacquer, Jinbu, Dianqi, etc., are perennial herbs of the family Araliaceae. The root is used as medicine, its nature is flat and its taste is sweet. The function is to stop bleeding, reduce swelling and relieve pain. Planting Panax notoginseng is not only conducive to the adjustment of agricultural structure, but also conducive to the increase of farmers' income.

I. cultivation techniques

1. Apply basic fertilizer for soil preparation: select sandy loam with high topography, leeward to the sun, deep soil layer, rich in humus and good drainage. Corn, peanuts or beans are suitable for the previous crop, and Solanaceae should not be used as the previous crop. Ploughing about 20 centimeters many times to make the soil weathered. For the last ploughing, 5000 kg of rotten barnyard manure, 50 kg of cake fertilizer, 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer were applied per mu.

2. Seed selection and sowing, seedling raising and transplanting: ⑴ seed selection and seed treatment. From October to November every year, select 3-4-year-old full, pest-free, ripe red fruits, pick and put into a bamboo sieve, rub off the peel, wash, dry the surface moisture, and soak the seeds with 1000 times solution for 10 minutes for disinfection. The seeds of Panax notoginseng are easy to lose their vitality after drying, so they should be sown with picking or preserved by stratification treatment.

Sow seeds on ⑵. Row spacing 6 cm × 5 cm, open shallow ditch for sowing, cover soil, cover the border with a layer of straw, in order to keep the border surface moist and inhibit the growth of weeds. Use 7-100000 seeds per mu, equivalent to 10-12 kg of fruit. After sowing and watering, if covered with silver-gray plastic film, it can conserve water and save fertilizer and increase production.

⑶ seedling management. When the weather is dry, it should be watered frequently, drain stagnant water in time after rain, and weed regularly. Topdressing at seedling stage is generally dominated by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, usually topdressing 3 times, respectively in March, May and July. The transmittance of canopy at seedling stage should be adjusted according to the change of light intensity in different seasons.

⑷ transplant. The seedlings were transplanted after one year, and usually completed from December to January of the following year. It is required to pick up seedlings, select seedlings and transplant them at the same time. When raising seedlings, strictly prevent damage to root strips and buds. When selecting seedlings, disease, injury and weak seedlings should be removed and cultivated at different levels. The seedlings of Panax notoginseng were divided into three grades according to their size and weight, those with root weight more than 2 kg were grade 1, those with root weight above 2 kg were grade 2, and those with root weight less than 1000 kg were grade 3. The distance between transplanting rows is 15 cm × 15 cm.

3. Field management: ⑴ weeding and soil cultivation. Panax notoginseng is a shallow root crop, and its roots are mostly distributed in the surface layer of 15 cm, so it is not suitable for mid-ploughing, so as not to damage the roots. After the seedlings are unearthed, the weeds on the border should be removed in time, and the soil should be cultivated when the roots and roots are found to be exposed to the ground.

⑵ drains and drains. In the dry season, to often drench water, keep the border surface moist, should be sprayed when drenching water, can not splash, otherwise cause plant lodging. In the rainy season, especially after heavy rain, it is necessary to timely dredge ditches, eliminate stagnant water and prevent retting roots.

⑶ set up shed and adjust light transmittance. Panax notoginseng Xi Yin, artificial cultivation needs to build a shed for shade, the shed is 1.5-1.8 meters high, and a side shed is built around the shed. The shed materials are made of local materials, generally using wood or cement prefabricated parts as shed columns, pulling iron wire on the roof as beams, and then woven into squares with bamboo and other materials, laying the roof of the shed, how much the shed is transparent, which has a close impact on the growth and development of Panax notoginseng. Too little light transmission, weak plants, prone to diseases and insect pests, and less flowering and fruit; too much light transmission, leaves yellowing, easy to appear early wilting phenomenon. We should grasp the principle of "thinning in front, dense in the middle and sparse in the back", that is, the transmittance is 60-70% in spring, 45-50% in summer, the temperature turns cool in autumn, and the transmittance gradually expands to 50-60%.

⑷ topdressing. Grasp the principle of "many times and a small amount". After the seedlings are germinated and unearthed, plant ash is applied 2-3 times, each time with 50-100 kg per mu, in order to promote the growth of seedlings. From May to June, 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer and 25-30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer were applied per mu. After clearing the garden in winter, 2500-3000 kg of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer are applied per mu.

⑸ bolting. In order to concentrate the supply of nutrients to the growth of underground roots, when the flower bolts appeared in July, all the flowers were removed when there was no dew in sunny days.

⑹ disease and pest control. The blight disease was controlled with 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times, or 72% Kelu 600x solution, or 58% Ruidu manganese zinc 800x solution. The blight was sprayed with 70% mancozeb 500-600 times, or 64% poison alum 500 times. Aphids were sprayed with 1000 times of imidacloprid or 2000 times of mimetil. The red spider was sprayed with 2000 times solution of 5% carotene, or 3000 times solution of 9.5% mite death, or 1000 times solution of 10% antimyangmycin.

II. Harvesting and processing

1. Harvest: it can be harvested after planting for more than 3 years. The harvest before flowering from July to August is called "Spring Seven", and the quality is better. If the flower stalk is picked in July, it is better to harvest and dig in October, which is called "Qiuqi". From December to January of the following year, the harvest quality of mature seeds is poor, which is called "Dongqi". One week before harvest, cut off the stalk 10 cm from the ground and dig out the whole root.

2. Processing: after harvest, wash the soil and cut off the Reed head (sheep's intestinal head), branch root and fibrous root, and the rest is called "head". Expose the "boss" to the sun for a day, knead it for the first time, and make it tight until it is completely dry, that is, "wool". Put the "wool" into the sack with rough bran or rice back and forth to make the appearance brown and black bright, that is, the finished product. Can also wait for the root slightly soft, put it into the iron cylinder or wooden box rotary friction, so that the skin smooth and shiny. Turn for 30 minutes each time, take out and bake or bask in the sun, repeat 3-5 times, and become a commodity. In case of overcast and rain, it can be dried at less than 50 ℃.