Planting and cultivation of Panax notoginseng

1. Land selection and preparation: it is appropriate to select gentle slopes with a slope of 5-15 degrees, humus soil or sandy loam rich in organic matter. It is appropriate to use corn, peanuts or beans in front of farmland, and do not use Solanaceae as pre-cropping. Selected plots should be fallow for one to half a year and ploughed many times, with a depth of 15cm to 20cm to promote soil weathering. Where there are conditions, you can spread grass and burn soil before turning the land or apply 100 kilograms of lime per mu for soil disinfection. The last time the land was turned over, 5000 kg of fully mature barnyard manure and 50 kg of cake fertilizer were applied per mu, leveling and fine ploughing, making the border, the border was to the south, the border width was 1.2-1.5m, the border spacing was 50-150cm, the border length depended on the topography, the border height was 30-40cm, and the border was blocked with bamboo poles or sticks to prevent the border from collapsing.

2. Propagation method: propagate with seeds.

The main results are as follows: (1) seed selection treatment: from October to November every year, the full shade ripe red fruits of 3-4-year-old plants were selected, picked, sifted, scrubbed, washed and dried. The seeds were soaked in 65% Dysen zinc 400 times solution or 50% topiramate 1000 times solution for 10 minutes. The seeds of Panax notoginseng are easy to lose their vitality after drying, so they should be preserved with picking and sowing or stratification treatment.

(2) sowing: print with tools, sow on demand with a row spacing of 6 cm × 5 cm, then evenly spread a layer of mixed fertilizer (mixed with mature farm manure or mixed with other fertilizers), and cover the border with a layer of straw to keep the border surface moist and inhibit the growth of weeds. 70, 000-100000 seeds per mu, equivalent to 10-12 kg of fruit.

If the method of covering silver-gray plastic film is adopted after sowing and watering, it can obviously increase production and save water and fertilizer.

(3) Seedling management and transplanting: when the weather is dry, water should be watered frequently, stagnant water should be drained in time after rain, and weeds should be weeded regularly. Topdressing at seedling stage is usually based on phosphate fertilizer, usually topdressing for 3 times, the first time after the emergence of seedlings in March, and the last two times in May and July respectively. The transmittance of the canopy at the seedling stage should be adjusted according to the change of light intensity in different seasons. Panax notoginseng seedlings are transplanted after one year, usually from December to January of the following year. It is required to pick up seedlings, select seedlings and transplant at the same time. When taking root, strictly prevent damage to root strips and spores. When selecting seedlings, disease, injury and weak seedlings should be removed and cultivated at different levels. According to the size and weight of roots, Panax notoginseng seedlings are divided into three grades: one thousand roots weighing more than 2 kilograms as the first class, one thousand roots weighing 1.5 kilograms as the second class, and those less than 1.5 kilograms as the third grade. The distance between transplanting rows is 18 cm × 15 cm for the first and second grade and 15 cm × 15 cm for the third grade. The seedlings should be sterilized before planting. Dip in the root with 300 times of Dysen zinc, immediately take it out to dry and plant it in time.

3. Field management

(1) weeding and soil cultivation: Panax notoginseng is a shallow root plant, and its roots are mostly distributed in the surface layer of 15 cm, so it is not suitable for mid-ploughing, so as not to damage the roots. After the seedlings are unearthed, the weeds on the border should be removed in time, and the soil should be cultivated when the roots and roots are found to be exposed to the ground.

(2) watering and drainage: in the dry season, the border surface should be kept moist with regular watering, and should be sprayed when drenching, not sprinkling, otherwise it will cause plant lodging. In the rainy season, especially after heavy rain, stagnant water should be removed in time to prevent the occurrence of root rot and other diseases.

(3) setting up shed and adjusting light transmittance: Panax notoginseng is overcast, artificial cultivation needs to set up shed for shade, the height of the fence is 1.5-1.8 meters, and a side shed is set up around the shed. The shed materials are made of local materials, generally using wood or cement precast strips as shed columns, grid tops drawing iron wires as crossbeams, and then woven into squares with bamboo to lay the roof of the shed. The amount of light transmission in the greenhouse has a close effect on the growth and development of Panax notoginseng. The light transmission is too little, the plant is weak, it is prone to diseases and insect pests, and it is easy to blossom and bear fruit; if the light transmission is too sufficient, the leaves turn yellow, and the early wilting phenomenon is easy to occur. Generally speaking, we should grasp the principle of "sparse before, medium dense, and sparse after", that is, the transmittance in spring is 60%, the transmittance in summer is slightly smaller, it is 45%, 50%, 50%, 50%, 50%, 50%, 60%, 60%, 60%, 60%, 60%, 60%, 60%, 60%.

(4) topdressing: topdressing of Panax notoginseng should grasp the principle of "multiple and small amounts". Generally, after the seedlings are germinated and unearthed, plant ash is applied 2-3 times, with 50-100 kg per mu, in order to promote the growth of seedlings. The mixed organic fertilizer (stable manure and plant ash 2:1) was applied once from April to May, with 2000 kg per mu and 15 kg superphosphate in the remaining plot to promote the fullness of fruit. After clearing the garden in winter, 2000-3000 kg of mixed fertilizer was applied per mu.

(5) bolting: in order to prevent the unnecessary consumption of nutrients and concentrate on the growth of underground roots, when the flower bolts appear in July, the yield of Panax notoginseng can be increased. Bolting should be carried out in sunny days.