Cultivate high-temperature mushrooms to control the "three passes"

The cultivation of mushrooms in summer has higher economic benefits. In order to grow mushrooms well in summer, there must be "three hurdles" of variety, fermentation and pest control.

The main results are as follows: (1) the suitable high temperature type strains are Xincheng 96, Su Mushroom 1 and so on. The optimum temperature of Xincheng 96 is 18-36 ℃, 25-33 ℃ in greenhouse and 20-36 ℃ (24-33 ℃) in greenhouse. It is the most heat-tolerant strain at present. It is suitable for sowing in May-June and mushroom in June-September. Its biggest advantage is that the mushroom does not change color 2-3 days after harvest, is not easy to open the umbrella, and is easy to keep fresh. The mycelial growth rate of this strain is slow, the decomposition ability is weak, and the quality of culture material is high. The germination temperature of Tricholoma mushroom No. 1 was 10-35 ℃, the optimum temperature was 20-30 ℃, the temperature of mushroom emergence was 10-35 ℃, and the optimum temperature was 15-32 ℃. It has strong vitality, fast fungus generation and early mushroom emergence, so it is suitable for sowing from March to April and mushroom from April to July.

(2) to control the substrate fermentation temperature to build pile fermentation in the period of low temperature from February to March, in order to ensure the rapid rise of material temperature, high temperature and long moisturizing time, the places with high basic temperature and good moisturizing effect should be selected. For example, fermentation in a plastic greenhouse can make the temperature inside the material 3-10 ℃ higher than that of the outside world. If the amount of dry material per pile is more than 1 ton, the temperature and humidity during fermentation can be better maintained. In order to make the material temperature rise quickly and the temperature difference between internal and external is small, the heating agent should be used to increase the temperature when building the reactor. The feed temperature generally reaches 60-65 ℃ on the fifth day. The time is calculated from 60 ℃, and the turning time is determined by the change of rearview temperature for the first time after 7 days. When the material temperature drops, the pile begins to turn, usually 5-6 days apart. When the culture material is brown, elastic, non-sticky and has no peculiar smell, it is used for sowing and cultivation.

(3) to control the damage of diseases and insect pests in the middle of March, when the temperature in the greenhouse rose to more than 15 ℃, all kinds of pests began to move and all kinds of miscellaneous bacteria spores germinated. The main pests harmful to mushrooms in high temperature season are mushroom mosquitoes, jumping insects and mites, and the diseases are mainly walnut fleshy bacteria. Timely prevention and control of these "three insects and one disease" is one of the key points of high temperature mushroom cultivation.

The most effective way to control the harm of diseases and insect pests is to mix materials with chemicals. Xia Ju Ning mixture is a special insect control agent for the cultivation of edible fungi in high temperature period. it is safe to use and has low toxicity and long effect. Before sowing, use 100 grams of summer mushroom ning for every 100 kilograms of culture material, spray and mix with 10 kilograms of water, spray and turn the material while sowing.

After mixing and treating the culture material, it can be kept free of insect pests during the bacteria growing period. When the temperature rises above 20 ℃, the adults and jumpers of mushroom mosquitoes migrate from weeds to the mushroom body to lay eggs. When you see the adults of Mushroom mosquitoes moving on the mushroom bed, you can use Fangshongjing or cypermethrin spray to control. All around the mushroom bed, the wall and the ground should be wet in order to effectively kill adults and reduce the number of larvae of the next generation.

The pathogenic spores of walnut fleshy bacteria come from the soil, and only when the bacteria are eliminated in the covered soil can they be effectively controlled. First of all, the soil that has been used with waste mushroom material should not be used. the clean middle soil should be dug out in the paddy field, crushed and dried, and sprayed with 500 times of mushroom abundant liquid 5 days before use, which can be used to cover the soil for 5 days. In the mushroom stage, pay attention to observe the dynamics of mycelium on the soil surface. If there is an irregular bulge on the soil surface and the surrounding mushrooms are reduced, it is necessary to remove the soil surface in time to check the culture material. When it is found that the culture material is discolored and smelly, the soil and culture material should be removed in time, and the 300-fold solution of Duopufeng and 100-fold solution of mushroom clear should be sprayed in the affected area. Let it dry naturally after spraying, and then replenish the soil and water the mushrooms after 1 week.