Apricot and its cultivation techniques

Apricot (TetragoniaexpansaMurr.), also known as New Zealand spinach, spinach, is a perennial or perennial vine herb of Apricot family, native to Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Southeast Asia and other places, mainly distributed in the tropics. Europe and the United States, Indonesia, India and other countries have long been cultivated as vegetables. China has been introduced for 200 years, but there is not much cultivation and little knowledge. Apricot has strong stress resistance, exuberant growth, tender stems and leaves, fragrant, easy to cultivate, rarely occur diseases and insect pests, is a kind of pollution-free green vegetable without spraying pesticides; under the conditions of facilities, annual cultivation can be achieved in all parts of our country.

1 characteristics and characteristics

Apricot has developed root system, strong drought tolerance and poor waterlogging tolerance. The stem is round and semi-trailing, with erect growth at the initial stage, creeping growth at the later stage, strong branching power, and lateral branches can grow from each leaf axil. Leaves alternate, slightly triangular in shape, entire, leaves thick, dark green. The flowers are small, yellow, born in leaf axils. The seed is dark brown, the surface is angled, there are fine thorns at the top of the ridge, and the weight of a thousand seeds is 80g / 100g.

2 requirements for environmental conditions

2.1 temperature apricot likes warm, humid climate, strong adaptability, heat and cold resistance, but the aboveground part is not resistant to frost. The seeds can germinate under the condition of 8: 30 ℃, the suitable germination temperature is 25: 28 ℃, and the suitable temperature for seedling growth is 20: 25 ℃, which can still grow normally under the condition of high temperature in summer. It can withstand the low temperature of 2-3 ℃ for a short time. It can survive the winter safely in the open field in warmer areas and become perennials.

2.2 moisture apricot likes wet soil environment, strong drought tolerance, not waterlogging tolerance, moist soil conditions are conducive to the growth and development of apricot, and the soil should be kept dry and wet at seedling stage. The water demand is uniform in the whole cultivation process. Apricot plants are more resistant to drought, but excessive drought in production will seriously affect its growth and development, resulting in the reduction of yield and quality.

2.3 Light is not strict on light conditions, is more shade-tolerant, and can grow well in both weak and strong light. Sufficient light at seedling stage is beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings.

2.4 soil and fertilizer prefer fertile loam or sandy loam, which is more tolerant to salt and alkali, and requires more nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. Fertile, loose and moist soil is better in cultivation. Attention should be paid to the rational application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer at seedling stage.

3Nutrition and medicinal value

According to the determination, every 100g edible part contains 1.5g protein, 0.2g fat, 0.6g carbohydrate, calcium 58mg, phosphorus 28mg, iron 0.8mg, VA4400 international unit, Vc,30mg, VB1,0.04mg, VB2,0.13mg, VB5,0.5mg. Pharmacological studies show that the whole plant of apricot can be used as medicine, which has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification, diuresis and detumescence, etc., and has a good effect on relieving pain in patients with enteritis, septicaemia, nephropathy and so on. it can cure sore swelling, wind-heat eye red, snake venom and so on, and has anticancer effect.

4Edible method

The tender stem tip and tender leaves of apricot are edible, can be fried or blanched in boiling water and put cool, add seasoning to make cold dishes, the color is green, the taste is tender and smooth, and the taste is fragrant; it can also be used with eggs to make apricot egg soup, and can also be boiled with japonica rice into apricot porridge, which has the functions of invigorating spleen and stomach, dispelling wind and detumescence, eliminating diarrhea and dysentery.

5 cultivation techniques

5.1. open field cultivation can be carried out in the frost-free period of the cultivation season, and the soil temperature is stable at 10 ℃. Greenhouse can achieve advance and delay cultivation, solar greenhouse can achieve four seasons cultivation. The seedlings can be raised in the greenhouse 40-50 days before the local late frost and planted in the field after the late frost. In view of the difficulty of absorbing water, long germination period and irregular emergence of apricot seeds, the method of raising seedlings and transplanting in greenhouse is often used in production.

5.2 raising seedlings

5.2.1 the nursery bed is prepared to clean up the residues and weeds of the previous crops, turn them over and dry them to form a 1.2m wide seedling bed. Per square meter, sifted mature organic fertilizer 8~10kg was applied, and the border was shallow and medium-ploughed with a hoe. The seedling bed soil and fertilizer were mixed evenly, leveled with a flat rake and then sown.

5.2.2 seed treatment Prunus apricot propagates with fruit, the pericarp is thicker, it is difficult to absorb water, and the germination period is as long as 15-80 days under untreated condition, so the seeds should be treated before sowing. There are two kinds of treatment methods: ① warm soup soaking seeds: soaking seeds in warm water of about 55 ℃ for 24 hours, then accelerating germination; ② mechanical treatment: grinding coarse sand and seeds together, causing mechanical damage to the seed coat, increasing the water permeability of the seed coat, and then soaking in clean water for 12 hours, and then accelerating germination, which is beneficial to seed germination.

5.2.3 accelerate germination and sow the treated seeds, drain the water on the surface of the seeds, wrap them with clean wet towels or gauze, accelerate germination under the condition of 25: 28 ℃, rinse the seeds with warm water once a day, and sow when 80% of the seeds are dewy. Before sowing, pour the seedbed into the bottom water, sow the seeds on the border surface according to the spacing of 6~8cm square, cover with 1cm thick sifted fine soil, and cover the border surface with a layer of plastic film to facilitate heat preservation and moisturization. Remove the plastic film when 50% of the seed arches the soil. Need seed 0.75~1kg per mu.

5.3 after sowing, the room temperature was kept at about 25 ℃ in the daytime and more than 15 ℃ at night. After finishing the seedlings, the soil moisture was preserved by 0.5cm thick sifted fine soil, and the indoor temperature was reduced. The daily temperature was 20: 22 ℃, and the night temperature was 12: 15 ℃. Before planting, the temperature was reduced properly, the daily temperature was about 20 ℃, and the night temperature was more than 10 ℃. Seedling growth is slow, try not to water. When the seedlings grow 5-6 true leaves, squatting seedlings properly, cutting and planting.

Apricot should be fully fertilized before planting, generally applying rotten organic fertilizer 5000kg and available nitrogen fertilizer 20kg per mu (666.7 square meters), ploughing the soil deeply, raking fine and leveling the soil into a flat bed 1.5m wide, planting according to the plant and row spacing of 30 × 50cm, with planting and watering, planting water should not be too much, in order to slow seedlings and early trees.

5.5 the growing period of apricot in field management is long, which is planted and harvested many times until the first frost period. During the growing period, more nitrogen and potash fertilizer is needed. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer before planting, topdressing should be carried out many times to increase the yield. Generally, from planting to harvest, appropriate amount of urea and potassium chloride should be applied according to the growth potential, and urea 10~15kg, potassium chloride 5~10kg or mature human feces and urine 1500kg should be applied per mu before each harvest. Apricot to tender stems, leaves as the product, when the lack of water leaves become hard, the growing period should be often watered, to keep the soil dry and wet. Drainage and waterlogging should be carried out in time in the rainy season to avoid rotting roots. Attention should be paid to weeding and weeding in the early stage, and weeds should be pulled out at any time after the plant is closed. Apricot has strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, and generally rarely occurs diseases and insect pests, but occasionally some leaf-eating pests gnaw on leaves, which can be sprayed with 1000 times of crystal trichlorfon.

Harvest the tender stems and leaves in time when the plant grows to 20~30cm. Apricot in the growth process, almost every leaf axil has buds, harvest to remove the buds, and cut off thin, weak branches, retain sturdy new branches to ensure vegetative growth, promote plant sturdiness, leaf hypertrophy. If the harvest is too late, not only the leaves will age, the crude fiber will increase, and the quality will be affected, but also the leaves will turn yellow and lose their nutritional value. It is generally harvested once every 5-7 days, and can be harvested continuously for 5-6 months, and it will be put on the market in time after harvest. The yield per mu is 3000~5000kg.