High quality cultivation techniques of Huanghua Pear

Huanghua pear is produced by traditional technology with poor quality and low benefit. in order to obtain high quality, high yield and high benefit of Huanghua pear, the following cultivation techniques must be implemented.

First, change the traditional pruning method, change the side trunk shape to natural happy shape. The central leader trunk of the pear tree was removed, leaving only three main branches, similar to the pruning shape of the peach tree. The practice proved that through this simple measure, the top advantage was weakened, and the skeleton branch was obviously thicker, 3.5 cm thicker than that of the general production garden, and the main branch extended by more than 2 meters, and the crown expanded, increasing the fruiting area in the second year. And strengthen the summer nursing, timely remove the weak branches, overlapping bifurcations, withered branches and upright branches in May, so as to reduce the consumption of useless branches and promote the expansion of fruit.

Second, change the traditional method of topdressing. Control nitrogen fertilizer and increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The traditional fertilization methods do not pay much attention to the proportion of fertilizer for a long time, and often give priority to the application of nitrogen fertilizer, which is characterized by the vigorous growth of new shoots, hindered nutrient accumulation of fruit, poor development and small fruit shape. Nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be re-applied during the fruit expansion period. The series of Chunyuan fertilizers produced in Taiwan mainly contain high amounts of amino acids and trace elements in addition to the three essential components, which can be absorbed and utilized by plants. Once every 10 days, the concentration is 8-1000 times. The chlorophyll content increased after application, and the photosynthetic efficiency was improved.

Third, change the method of using pesticides, and strictly control the use of emulsion pesticides before bagging. In the past, pear orchards paid little attention to the use of pesticides in the young fruit stage, as long as they had the effect of preventing diseases and insect pests, and mistakenly believed that the rust spots on the fruit surface of green fruits were caused by the characteristics of the varieties themselves. On the other hand, the cultivation techniques of high quality and high yield are required to pay great attention to the methods and effects in the use of pesticides. It is considered that the occurrence of green pears is not the characteristics of varieties, but the drug damage caused by the long-term use of emulsions, especially not spraying emulsion pesticides before bagging. The use of water and powder can obviously control the occurrence of fruit spots, and the use of emulsions for green pears can be strictly controlled and combined with bagging. The produced "Cuiguan" and "New Century" pears are smooth, light yellow in color, and the appearance quality is obviously improved.

Fourth, change the bagging method of pear fruit. In the past, many orchards in Zhejiang used to cover newspaper bags, which had a certain effect on preventing diseases and insect pests, but the appearance of the fruit did not change much. In the orchard without bags, the appearance of pears is poor, and the fruit rate of diseases and insect pests is up to 15.20%, especially the harm of ring disease and fruit moth. Bagging can not only prevent diseases and insect pests and improve the appearance quality of fruit, but also overcome pesticide pollution and become pollution-free green fruit. The method adopted is that 20 days after flowering (when the young fruit is the size of broad bean), the green fruits sensitive to pesticides ("Cuiguan", "New Century", etc.) are first covered with small white bags (10 cm long and 7.5 cm wide). 30 days after flowering (when the young fruit is the size of a ping-pong ball), cover the small bag with double-layer fruit bag, yellow fruit cover double-layer fruit bag or single-layer fruit bag, all paper bags are made of Kraft paper with strong toughness. Can withstand the wind, sun and rain. According to the test, in Zhejiang area with humid summer and long high temperature, it is better to choose three-layer bags with outer layer, inner layer white and middle black, or double-layer bag with outer layer white (or brownish yellow) and inner layer black. Good results can also be obtained by using brown-yellow single-layer bag for Huangpiguo pear. Through the above-mentioned method of bagging, the green skin fruit surface is yellow or light green, clean and beautiful, and has become a hot product in the market, which is comparable to the Japanese crystal pear. Huanghua pear fruit surface is light yellow, free of speckles, free of diseases and insect pests, and the fruit weight reaches more than 300 grams.

Fifth, change the habit of weeding on the ground. Weeding should be taken according to local conditions, depending on the time, and put the two ends in the middle, that is, weeding is carried out in the early growth stage and after harvest of the pear orchard, and one month before harvest, the fruit expansion is at its peak, and it is not suitable to weed in the hot and hot season, which can play the role of water conservation, fertilizer conservation and cooling.

Sixth, change the traditional habit of early harvest to achieve timely harvest. Our farmers harvest Huanghua pear 6 when it is ripe, due to insufficient maturity and poor fruit flavor, and because it is listed in large quantities, only 1, 6-2 yuan per kilogram, resulting in reduced economic income. It should be harvested when it is ripe, about 20 days later than before. it is estimated that the weight of Huanghua pear can be increased by 5-10 grams per day in the first half of the month, and Huanghua pear is harvested at 8 ripeness, which is sweet, juicy and crispy, making it a good product on the market. The sugar content increases by 2-3 degrees.