Common problems and Solutions in Potato production

Suihua City is a big city of potato production, and the perennial planting area is stable at about 1.5 million mu. The quality of potato production is of great significance to agricultural production. In order to achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency of potato production, and to achieve the goal of increasing farmers' income, I summarized and analyzed the problems and causes of potato production in our city for many years, and put forward the corresponding solutions.

I. problems that often occur in production and their causes

1. Potato late blight is the main disease in potato production in our city, which occurs all the year round and does great harm in potato producing areas. The coverage of the disease reached more than 50%, and the degree of production reduction reached 16.7% to 41%. The main reason for the occurrence of potato blight in our city is continuous cropping for years, which is caused by some growers' poor awareness of preventing late blight.

2. Potato ring rot is also a common disease in our city, with an annual occurrence area of about 10%. Potato ring rot pathogen is mainly transmitted by seed potato, it can not survive in the soil, but can be carried on tools, machinery, packing boxes and bags.

3. Hollow potato tubers often appear in potato cultivation, especially the larger tubers show middle cracking and hollow. The reason for the formation of hollow is not only related to the characteristics of potato varieties, but also to the cultivation conditions and the environment of tuber expansion. After the formation of tubers, if there is a period of lack of water or drought, and then due to sufficient fertilizer and water, especially large soil moisture, more nitrogen fertilizer, and rapid tuber growth, some varieties often appear hollow.

4. Potato tuber deformities in potato production, we sometimes see gourd shape, dumbbell shape, several small tubers at the top of tubers and other deformed potatoes. The production of these abnormal tubers is mainly caused by high temperature and drought during plant growth, and is also related to the characteristics of varieties. If the soil temperature rises to about 25 ℃ after the tuber is formed, the tuber basically stops growing. Some varieties convert starch into sugar in tubers at high temperature. Tubers cannot grow, but buds can grow and form small tubers. Some varieties stopped the growth of tubers under drought and high temperature, and the soil temperature decreased after irrigation or rainfall, and nutrients continued to be fed into tubers, thus forming deformed potatoes.

II. Solutions

The main results are as follows: 1. For the control of potato late blight, resistant varieties can be selected, and virus-free seed potato should be used to improve the disease resistance of potato varieties. Potato tubers should be fully dried and strictly selected before being stored in the cellar in winter. Make the cellar potato meet the qualified standard Before sowing, you can use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 72% DuPont Kelou wettable powder 50g, add water 2cm 3L, spray evenly on the bud, cover the seed with sack for 12 hours, and kill the late blight pathogen attached to the surface of seed potato. In the middle of June, the prevention can be started with 45600 times of Dasheng Mou, or 72% of DuPont Kelou wettable powder 2000 times, or 10% Kejia suspension 2000 times, or 50% Fushuade 2000 times suspension, foliar spray, once every 7 days for 4 consecutive times. In the epidemic year of late blight, the seriously affected plots can cut off the aboveground plants in advance, transport them out of the ground in time, and reduce the infection rate of potato blocks.

2. The use of disease-free seed potato is the most economical and effective control method for potato ring rot; sowing whole potato; cutting pieces of seed potato should be strictly sterilized by soaking with 5% Laisuer or 75% alcohol or 0.1% potassium permanganate; before sowing healthy potato pieces, it is necessary to eliminate field autophytes and disinfect baskets of tools, boxes, etc. The use of new bags can reduce the spread of potato ring rot.

3. Potato tuber hollow is easy to produce hollow varieties, such as the Atlantic Ocean, we should pay attention to the cultivation and management conditions. Varieties of large tubers are easy to produce hollow, so special attention should be paid to prevent the occurrence of hollow tubers. The ways to prevent hollow are as follows: increase planting density, reduce seedling breakage, make plant nutrition area uniform, population structure good, control tuber size moderately, pay attention to stable field water and fertilizer conditions, do not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer, and pay attention to increasing potassium fertilizer. Timely irrigation, not only to prevent drought and water shortage, but also should not be irrigated too much, can control the occurrence of hollow tubers.

4. Potato tuber malformation affects the market, which should be paid more attention. The effective way to prevent potato malformation is: in field management, we should pay attention to prevent the soil temperature from being too high, and we can take measures of irrigation to reduce the number of deformed potato pieces. And pay attention to more soil cultivation, the advantage of soil thickness is: on the one hand, it can prevent the soil temperature from rising suddenly, which is conducive to reducing abnormal potatoes; on the other hand, it can also prevent tubers from sprouting on the ground and affect tubers.