High-yield cultivation techniques of Potato delayed in Autumn

The delayed cultivation of potato in autumn is that the potato planted in the open field is covered with plastic film before the advent of early frost to protect it from the harm of early frost, make full use of the light conditions in late autumn, prolong the growth period of potato, increase yield, improve commodity quality, and obtain high yield and high efficiency.

I. selection of sites

Select the land with loose and slightly acidic soil, rich in organic matter, deep plough layer and easy drainage and irrigation. Millet, wheat and corn are the best crops in the previous crop, and onions, garlic, celery and carrots are the best crops in the previous crop. Keep in mind that the previous crop is the plot of Solanaceae crops, so as to reduce the disease and deficiency of potatoes.

2. Seed potato treatment

1. Seed selection: seed potato is required to have the characteristics of this variety, 30g to 50g virus-free small whole potato, no deformity, disease and rot. Whole potato sowing has the advantages of drought resistance, strong seedling, giving full play to the top advantage of seed potato, obtaining high yield, reducing disease spread and so on.

two。 Sprouting: generally, sprouting is carried out 30-40 days before sowing, which can be carried out indoors or in a greenhouse, with a layer of wet river sand on the ground, three layers of seed potato on the sand, and a layer of wet sand on top of the seed potato. The humidity of the sand can not be held by hand as the standard, and the temperature is kept at about 15 ℃. The bud is about 1~2cm long and can be sown.

Third, sowing seeds

1. Fertilization and soil preparation: base fertilizer is applied in combination with cultivated land before sowing, fully mature organic fertilizer 3000kg is applied in 667 square meters, and water should be watered to preserve soil moisture during drought to ensure the use of water before emergence, soil leveling and raking fine, so as to facilitate sowing.

two。 Sowing time: about a week after the Beginning of Autumn, if the temperature is still high, the sowing will be postponed for several days, sowing too early, the air temperature and ground temperature are too high, it is easy to cause rotten seeds, dead seedlings and serious insect pests, uneven emergence, sowing too late, the effective growth period is shortened, affecting the yield.

3. Reasonable close planting: planting density is closely related to soil conditions and water and fertilizer conditions. generally speaking, plots with good soil conditions and high water and fertilizer conditions can appropriately increase density, otherwise reduce density appropriately, for most cases, it should be about 5000 plants per 667m2. Less than 4500 plants per 667m2, it is easy to produce a large proportion of large potatoes, and these large potatoes are easy to hollow. The main reason for the hollow is the uneven supply of water and fertilizer, especially after a period of drought, the insufficient supply of water and nutrients and the rapid expansion of tubers after a period of drought, which is worthy of attention. When the drought lasts too long and the rainfall occurs later, normal-sized potato lumps will also appear hollow.

4. Sowing: to open a shallow ditch to sow seeds, and then cover the soil to ridge, so that the seed potato is in the middle and upper part of the ridge, reducing the impregnation of water in the ridge and furrow to seed potato, ridging is conducive to watering and cooling or drainage. Cover the soil should not be too thick, the depth is 8~10cm, so that potato seedlings as soon as possible. After sowing, the ridge will be smooth to preserve soil moisture, and the herbicide-Acetochlor will be sprayed. Compound fertilizer 50kg, potassium sulfate 25kg, borax 1.5kg, zinc sulfate 1.5kg and phosphates 1kg were applied every 667m2.

IV. Field management

1. Watering and soil cultivation: the first middle tillage is carried out in the bud stage, and combined with weeding and soil cultivation, high soil cultivation is required to prevent the potato from appearing green head phenomenon, thoroughly pull out the diseased plants (the surrounding soil should also be removed) and miscellaneous plants, and carry out the first watering. It is an important measure to ensure high yield and high efficiency of potato to complete soil cultivation before sealing ridges at flowering stage, and to irrigate water for the second time at full flowering stage according to rainfall, so as to promote plants to enter potato fruiting stage early and steadily supply water and nutrients needed for potato growth. Otherwise, it is easy to cause hollow and secondary growth. If it rains heavily during the growth period, it should be drained in time, and immediately loosen the hoe to make the soil loose and breathable. Stop watering one week before harvest.

two。 Buckling time: before the arrival of Frosts Descent, the temperature was lower than 15 ℃ in the daytime and less than 7 ℃ at night. In order to withstand heavy snow and strong wind, steel pipe structure is generally adopted, and general agricultural film is selected for greenhouse film.

3. Temperature control ventilation: appropriate ventilation according to weather changes. When the temperature outside the shed is higher than 20 ℃ during the day and 10 ℃ at night, ventilation should be carried out day and night, keeping 20: 25 ℃ in the shed during the day and 10: 15 ℃ at night. When the temperature outside the shed is about 15 ℃ during the day and 7 ℃ at night, there is no ventilation at night to avoid freezing injury. If the humidity in the shed is high, ventilate in time during the day.

4. Pest control: mainly prevent late blight. When the wetting period of leaves is more than 10 days and the temperature is between 15 and 20 ℃, late blight infection is likely to occur. Once this climatic condition occurs, protective agents should be sprayed before no late blight spot is found: 70% Kloe 70000800 times, world high 70~100g/667 square meters. Control aphids, 5% lice aphid 2000 times, 1% avermectin 2000 times.

V. Harvest

About 100 days after emergence, it was harvested in time according to the requirements of commercial potato size and weather conditions. It is required to harvest on a sunny day, after the potato pieces are slightly cool and dry, pick up diseases, insects, rotten, deformed, green and cracked potato pieces, and then pack them by grade.

VI. Analysis of economic benefits

The cultivation experiments in recent years show that the variety with long growth period has higher economic benefits, because the harvest of this variety can be delayed until the end of December, which greatly increases the yield, and it is in the depths of winter, and all kinds of vegetables are in short supply. Potato is a more popular vegetable, so the sales volume is large and the price is high. According to the increase of 500~750kg per 667m2 and the wholesale price of 1.50RMB per kg, the economic income of 667m2 increased by 750,000RMB.