Potato no-tillage covered with crushed grass

In recent years, with the expansion of mechanical harvesting area of late rice and middle rice, there are more broken grass after mechanical harvesting. These broken grass are relatively messy, not easy to collect, scattered in a mess in the fields, and some farmers set them on fire after the beginning of spring, which not only wastes resources, but also pollutes the environment. In fact, the crushed grass harvested by the rice machine can be used to cover potatoes. Compared with ordinary straw, the crushed straw after machine harvest is soft, the cover is tight, and generally there is no light leakage, which is better than uncrushed straw. Covering potato with crushed grass harvested by machine, preparing the soil without ploughing, sowing without covering soil, and harvesting without digging is an effective and simple and efficient cultivation technique. This can also make full use of rice field resources, turn "leisure" into profit, cultivate land and fertilize fields, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and get more with one stone. According to the demonstration of Hucheng Village, Yantang Town, Xinshao County, the average yield per mu reached 1850 kg, with large potatoes accounting for 82%, while the proportion of small potatoes decreased significantly, which was 10% lower than that of the control. The harvested potatoes have a round and smooth appearance, uniform size and low damage rate.

Choose a good seed. Selection of Dongnong 303 and other precocious varieties, strong growth, early tuber formation, very precocious, growth period of about 60 days (emergence to harvest), strong resistance, good waterlogging tolerance.

Fine ground preparation. To plant potato in winter fallow field after late rice harvest, 2500-3000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 2.5 kg of urea and 15 kg of superphosphate were spread evenly on the surface of the paddy field. According to the width of the border 2 meters (even ditch) to do the border, the ditch width of 20 cm, ditch depth of 25 cm. Open the perimeter ditch and the main ditch at the same time. Put the ditch soil on the border surface and flatten it evenly.

Sow seeds at the right time. The seeds are usually sown from late January to early February. Cut about 40 pieces of 1 kg seed potato and wait for natural callus for 2-3 days before sowing. There are 3 rows of seeds in each border, the spacing between rows is 60 cm, the distance between plants is 20 cm, about 5500 plants are planted per mu, and the amount of seeds used per mu is 125-150 kg. When sowing, put the potato pieces evenly on the border surface according to the row spacing, so that the bud eyes are up, the potato pieces should be closely connected with the soil, and the potato pieces are covered with 5-6 cm thick chopped straw. The standard of grass mulching is that the potato pieces should not be exposed from top to bottom after sprinkling, so as to prevent the potato skin from turning green. If you want to advance the time to market of commercial potatoes, you can spread grass and then cover a layer of plastic film.

Field management. There are more Rain Water in potato growing period, so it is necessary to drain water in time. During the tuber expansion period in the early stage of potato flowering, 30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate plus 25 kg of superphosphate should be applied twice every 10 days. Field management should be strengthened during the growing period of potato pieces to prevent them from turning green after exposing the mulch, thus affecting the commerciality. During the period of plant growth, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of aphids, ground tigers, scab, virus diseases and other major diseases and insect pests.

Harvest in time. Potatoes should be harvested when most of the stems and leaves change from yellow-green to yellow and the tubers stop expanding. Choose to harvest in a sunny morning and when the soil is dry. The potatoes planted in this method can be picked directly from the income basket as long as the broken grass cover is removed by hand, and can be listed on the market with a little finishing.