Double-row High-yield cultivation techniques of Potato under Ridge cultivation

The double-row high-yield cultivation technique of potato in ridge cultivation is a comprehensive high-yield cultivation technique of potato, which is based on deep loosening, deep fertilization by ridging and reasonable double-row planting. Generally, the yield is more than 15% higher than that of conventional border cultivation, and the commodity rate of qualified potato is increased by more than 20%. Main technical points:

1. Select suitable varieties

At present, potato varieties with early and middle maturity, high yield and quality, such as Sishu No.1, Atlantic Ocean, Jinke 303, Holland 7, Holland 15, Dongnong 303 and Kexin 4, are mainly popularized in the south.

two。 Strict land selection and fine land preparation

Choose sandy loam with convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil and medium fertility (preferably as late rice), and avoid waterlogging depression. Deep ploughing and fine harrowing should be done before sowing, with a depth of more than 25 cm, which can make the soil loose and have good air permeability, improve the ability of soil to store water, preserve fertilizer and resist drought, and create good conditions for the full development of potato root system and the expansion of potato pieces.

3. Cut potatoes and disinfect good seed potatoes

When cutting the potato, it is required to cut the potato longitudinally, and the seed potato should be cut not less than 0.025 kilograms and have more than 2 bud eyes. the aim is to ensure that each seed potato cut can grow robust buds. It is best to use 2 knives to cut potatoes, and pay attention to disinfect the knife edge with five thousandths of potassium manganese solution to avoid cross-infection of rotten potatoes. Seed potato disinfection is the most effective way to prevent potato rotting and ensure seedling emergence rate, and it is also one of the effective measures to prevent late blight. The formula of its disinfectant is: 100 kg Shuangfei powder + 2 kg topzine + 2 kg carbendazim + 100 g neophytomycin, and 100 kg seed potato with 1 kg disinfectant mixed well.

4. Ridge farming regulations

Before sowing, first use animal power to ridge and ditch 1.5m wide (0.2m wide), and then sow seeds according to the zigzag shape of "grade" according to the specification of row spacing of 0.2m and plant spacing of 0.15m, planting about 5000 plants per mu. When sowing, the potato cubes cut upward and the buds down, which is conducive to early root initiation, early absorption of nutrients, cultivation of strong seedlings and laying the foundation for yield increase. Combined with sowing, applying sufficient base fertilizer and applying 50 kg ternary potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu, the potato can eat fertilizer with long roots and ensure an adequate supply of nutrients in the whole growing period. The strip application method of base fertilizer is used to apply the fertilizer in the middle of the ridge, that is, between the two rows of seed potatoes, so as to avoid the phenomenon of rotten seed caused by touching fertilizer. In this way, while sowing, while fertilizing, while covering the soil ridging, the general ridge height of 25 cm 30 cm, ridge width of 60 cm 65 cm, ridge bottom width of 90 cm. According to statistics, by using the method of flow operation to grow potatoes, there are 4 workers per mu, which is 4 / 5 less than that of farmers, and the work efficiency is more than doubled.

5. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) on the second day after sowing, herbicides were sprayed while the soil was still wet to prevent the growth of weed seedlings and potato fertilizer. Use 0.2 kg of butachlor, 0.08 kg of Acetochlor, 40 kg of water and 60 kg of water, stir well, and then spray on the soil surface.

(2) Water management. During the whole growth period of potato, it is required to have uniform moisture and moist soil, and to maintain the degree of moisture that the soil can be pinched into clumps and thrown down, so as to facilitate potato emergence and tuber growth and expansion, prevent potato tubers from cracking and improve the commodity rate. In case of drought, horse water should be irrigated in time, not immersed in water, to prevent retting potatoes, rain beware of stagnant water.

(3) cultivate the soil by ploughing. After finishing the seedlings, the first mid-tillage should be carried out as soon as possible, loosen the soil and preserve soil moisture, eliminate weeds, promote root development, and make the seedlings thrive. In order to meet the needs of potato tuber development, when the seedling height is 20 cm, the second intertillage fertilization should be carried out, 40 kg of ternary potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 10 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer should be applied per mu, and soil cultivation should be carried out. Pay attention not to bury the lower leaves, so as not to affect photosynthesis and reduce yield. The soil should be thick to prevent the tuber from turning green and affect the quality of the tuber.

(4) the combination of disease control and foliar fertilizer spraying at the same time. Growing potatoes in rice fields in the south is generally pest-free in winter. 30 ml of foliar fertilizer was sprayed at early flowering stage, full flowering stage and expansion stage to promote plant growth, improve photosynthetic efficiency, accelerate nutrient transport and promote tuber expansion. At the same time, 0.05 kg of carbendazim, 0.05 kg of neoptomycin, 0.01 kg of potassium permanganate, 0.05 kg of manganese zinc plague cream, 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 kg of water were sprayed to control late blight, improve plant disease resistance and prevent premature senescence, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing production.

6. Timely harvest

When the potato leaves are naturally withered and yellow, they can be harvested. During the harvest, the method of animal power combined with manpower is used to harvest, first shallow ploughing, then deep ploughing, and then manually digging potatoes with hoes and stacking them separately according to size specifications. This method saves time, labor and labor. It is not easy to hoe rotten potatoes and can improve work efficiency, reduce mechanical damage and improve commodity rate.