Treatment of a case of bovine actinomycetes

Actinomycosis is a chronic infectious disease of cattle, pigs and horses, of which cattle is the most common. The main pathogens of the disease are bovine actinomycetes (Actinomycesbovis) and Lin's actinomycetes (Acti-nobacillusLignieresi). Staphylococci sometimes participate in the pathogenesis. Bovine actinomycetes mainly invade hard tissue, which is Gram-positive bacteria, the bacterial mass is large, the end of the bacteria line is dilated, showing a radial arrangement; Lin's actinomycetes mainly invade soft tissue, it is Gram-negative bacilli, the bacterial mass is very small, and the radial arrangement is not obvious. The main feature of the disease is actinomycosis on the head, neck, jaw and tongue, which is susceptible to cattle at the age of 2 to 5 years old. When changing teeth or eating rough and prickly feed, it is often infected by piercing the mucous membrane, or invaded by damaged skin. Therefore, the disease is generally sporadic.

1 morbidity

In August 2003, a large beef cattle fattening farm in Ji'an City bought more than 200 shelf cattle, several of which had a small lump in the neck.

2Clinical symptoms and pathological changes

The body temperature, spirit and appetite of the diseased cattle are normal; the lump is very hard, inelastic, hot and painless, and the boundary is clear. The head mass is under the orbit of the maxilla. Touch the mass by hand, and the mass can be felt to connect with the jaw. Squeeze the broken lump and discharge dirty blood and pus, which contains small, hard, smooth, yellowish-white bacteria, much like "sulfur particles". Smears and staining of bacterial blocks were Gram negative. No autopsy was performed because there was no death.

3Diagnostic

According to the clinical symptoms and the main sites of mass induration, the preliminary diagnosis of bovine actinomycosis can be made. Because bovine necrobacillosis can also cause abscess or necrosis of livestock skin and subcutaneous tissue, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as bovine necrobacillosis. Therefore, differential diagnosis should be made from necrobacillosis: ① body temperature and mental changes. Necrotic bacilli often cause elevated body temperature, poor spirit, loss of appetite and other changes, and the site of the mass has a soft sensation of hot pain, while bovine actinomycetes do not have this symptom, and the mass is hard. There are also differences in the location of ②. Bovine necrobacillosis mainly occurs in the mouth of calves, showing necrotizing stomatitis and salivation, while in adult cattle, it often invades the hoof, showing hoof abscess and lameness. However, bovine actinomycosis mainly affects the hard or soft tissue of the head and neck, while adult cattle rarely suffer from the disease. The purulent fluid from the ruptured ③ mass was different. The pus of necrobacillosis is in the shape of string or mass, and the pus of actinomycosis is in the shape of particle radiation. Through the differentiation and comparison of the two diseases, it was diagnosed as bovine actinomycosis.

4 prevention and control measures

The prevention of this disease is mainly to prevent the damage of skin and mucosa.

Three diseased cattle were treated with different treatment measures according to different parts of the disease.

Two cases of diseased cattle with cervical hard mass caused by Lin's actinomycetes were injected with streptomycin 3 million upright once a day until they were cured. The diseased cattle that had suppurated were squeezed out and rinsed repeatedly with iodine solution once a day for 1 week.

For the diseased cattle with hard masses in the jaws, the pathogen is bovine actinomycetes, then penicillin 3.2 million u is injected around the affected area every day for 7 days (as a course of treatment).

5 summary and experience

The diseased cattle whose neck was not broken began to break down after a few days of medication, and blood pus was shed. After 1 week of continuous use, the mass induration of the 2 diseased cattle began to shrink gradually, but the speed was slow. After 1 month of continuous use, the affected part was already very small, and the broken part had been scabbed and healed, but the regression rate of maxillary mass was a little slower.

The treatment process of bovine actinomycosis is long, and the site of the mass is hard, so point injection is sometimes difficult to inject, so the treatment process needs to be patient enough, the treatment process should not be interrupted.

According to some data, diseased cattle with large induration can be surgically removed, the wound is spread with an equal amount of mixed sulfonic acid and iodoamine powder, then sutured, and 10% iodoform ether is injected around the wound, while taking potassium iodide, the effect is better. However, due to the relatively complex operation, the author did not make a comparative treatment.

Actinomycosis is easily mistaken for necrobacillosis.