Management techniques of Soybean in the Middle and late stage of Northeast China

The main soybean producing areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia generally suffered from spring drought and then spring waterlogging. Drought, low temperature and low light caused slow plant growth, but also increased the occurrence of herbicide damage, grass damage and diseases. At present, the general plant has 2-3 compound leaves less than the same period of the normal year, and the growth is uneven. Therefore, cultivating strong seedlings, constructing reasonable population structure, promoting early maturity and preventing lodging are the key work of soybean field management in the middle and later stage. Recently, the soybean expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center put forward suggestions on soybean field management in the middle and later stage on the basis of full investigation and discussion.

First, it is necessary to cultivate the soil at the right time. Shovel in time before ridge closure, in order to loosen the soil, release cold and increase temperature, enhance soil permeability and reduce the risk of waterlogging in the later stage. At the same time, it can eliminate weeds, promote roots and strong seedlings, early branching, early flowering, more flowering. The general depth is 8-12 cm.

Second, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed. For the plots with small and weak soybean seedlings, 15 kg of urea and 1.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per hectare can be sprayed on the leaves of 750 kg of water every 10 days or so. In order to enhance the stress resistance of plants and promote the growth of soybean.

Third, we should guard against lodging. Due to the recent low temperature, more Rain Water and poor root development, lodging is easy to occur in the later stage. It is found that if there is a tendency of overgrowth and lodging, after fully dissolving with 45-75 grams of 2.3.5 triiodobenzoic acid and alcohol per hectare, foliar spraying of 525-725 kilograms of water is used to dwarf plants with strong stems to prevent lodging.

Fourth, we should prevent grass damage. Weeds are often left in the process of weeding in mid-ploughing. These weed plants are tall and grow fast, compete with soybean for water, light and fertilizer, which seriously affect the normal development of soybean. The weeds are pulled again at the end of July or early August to facilitate ventilation, light transmission, ripening and yield increase of soybean.

Fifth, we should prevent and control diseases and insect pests. Recently, there is more rainfall and high air humidity, which provides favorable conditions for the occurrence of diseases such as soybean gray spot and downy mildew, so attention should be paid to strengthening prevention and control.

1. Prevention and control of gray spot: when 30% of the soybean fields had gray spots, 70% methyl topiramate or 50% carbendazim wettable powder was sprayed at a dosage of 1500 grams per hectare, 1-2 times at intervals of 7-10 days.

2. Prevention and control of downy mildew: use 58% Ruidu Manganese Zinc solution, or 50% Bacterol 500-1000 times solution. The above agents are sprayed every 7-10 days for a total of 2-3 times.

4. Soybean thrips control: 5% fipronil 300-450 ml per hectare is sprayed early after soybean seedlings.

5. Soybean aphid control: 2.5% kungfu 225ml per hectare or 70% imidacloprid 15-20 grams per hectare when the number of 100 aphids reaches 1000.

6. Prevention and control of red spiders: timely prevention and control should be taken when spot tablets occur. Can use 2.5% kungfu 900-1500 ml per hectare, or 48% Lexben 750-1500 ml add 1% spray volume of medicine Xiaobao, Sindbao.

Sixth, harvest at the right time. All the leaves of soybean fall off, the stem is withered, the grain shows the color of this variety, and when the water content is less than 18%, mechanical or manual harvest is carried out. The harvest standard requires no bottom pod and no branch loss in the stubble, and strive to reduce the field loss, comprehensive harvest loss, fragmentation rate and mud face rate to the lowest point.