Soil Management of Schisandra chinensis Garden

In nature, soil is the basis of plant growth and the source of water and nutrients. If the soil is deep, loose and well ventilated, the microorganisms in the soil are active, which can improve soil fertility, which is beneficial to root growth, enhance metabolism, and play an important role in enhancing tree potential, yield per unit area and fruit quality. Therefore, soil management is an important part of pollution-free standardized cultivation of Schisandra chinensis. The soil management of Schisandra chinensis is to carry out fertilization, irrigation and inter-row management correctly according to its growth and development characteristics and nutritional status, so as to ensure high yield, stable yield, high quality and high efficiency.

1. The main nutrients needed by Wuyizi and the changes of its seasonal level

The main results were as follows: (1) when the supply of nitrogen and nitrogen was insufficient, the growth of new shoots of Schisandra chinensis was weak, the leaves were small and light, the vegetative growth ended prematurely, the ear and grain were smaller, and the yield decreased obviously. When there is too much nitrogen, the branches and leaves grow and are not full, so they are easy to be attacked by diseases. The absorption of nitrogen by Schisandra chinensis starts at the same time as budding in a year, and the demand for nitrogen is the highest from leaf expansion to pre-flowering stage. Therefore, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should focus on the early growth stage, so that the plant can form strong new shoots and well-developed flowers in the early growth stage, so as to lay a good foundation for fruit setting and fruit growth.

(2) phosphorus was absorbed by Fructus mandshurica from shoot growth in early spring to berry maturity, and the absorption was the most in the vigorous shoot growth period and berry expansion period. During berry ripening, a large amount of phosphorus in stems and leaves is transferred to the fruit.

After the phosphate fertilizer is applied into the soil, it is quickly fixed, moves very slowly in the soil, and is not easy to lose, so the phosphate fertilizer can be applied at the same time. In order to improve the fertilizer efficiency, it should be applied close to the root system. If phosphate fertilizer is needed during the growing period, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for foliar spraying.

(3) Schisandra chinensis absorbs potassium throughout the growing period, but with the expansion of berries, the amount of potassium uptake increases significantly.

Potassium fertilizer is not easy to be fixed by soil after application, so it should be applied properly and close to the root system, and topdressing should be carried out twice a year, the first in early May (budding stage) and the second in the middle of plant growth (early July). 10g potassium sulfate was applied to each plant throughout the year, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was also used for foliar topdressing during the critical period of flower sexual differentiation (from late June to early July).

(4) calcium and calcium is a high content element in Schisandra chinensis, mainly in old leaves, and the content in branches and leaves shows an increasing trend throughout the year (mainly from late May to October). Calcium can transform nitrate nitrogen, so it is easy to lack nitrogen when calcium is deficient. Proper amount of calcium can improve fruit quality.

(5) magnesium and magnesium is the main element of chlorophyll, and its content changes with the change of season in the leaves of Schisandra chinensis, showing an increasing trend from late May to October, especially in October. It is especially obvious from the color of the leaves, the leaf color is dark green and shiny, which is beneficial to plant photosynthesis and accumulation of nutrients.

(6) Zinc, which is related to redox process, is an important element in plant respiration, which can increase fruit setting rate and increase yield. When there is zinc deficiency, there are markings or yellowing on the leaves.

(7) Manganese is related to redox in plants and has an important effect on the formation of chlorophyll. Manganese can promote the formation and transfer of sugar, enhance respiration and photosynthesis, and is also beneficial to root formation. The proper amount of manganese can promote the growth and fruiting and increase the yield.

The fertilizer effect and function of different fertilizers and the principles of fertilization are shown in the appendix.

2. Fertilization

(1) applying farm manure 3m / mu in autumn. Starting from the annual garden, it was carried out every other year at the distance of 0.5 meters from the plant on both sides of the shelf surface, and then took turns to open ditches on the outer edge of the previous fertilization. The ditch is 0.4 meters wide and 0.3-0.4 meters deep. The soil is filled flat after fertilization until farm manure is applied all over the garden.

(2) topdressing was applied twice a year, the first time in the budding stage (early May), and the second time in the middle of plant growth (early August). With the expansion of the tree, the amount of fertilizer increased year by year, ammonium nitrate 25g / plant, calcium superphosphate 200g / plant, potassium sulfate 10g / plant.

(3) the root system of Schisandra chinensis is less developed, fruit expansion, new shoot growth and flower bud differentiation consume more nutrients, which is easy to cause nutritional competition. therefore, foliar fertilizer spraying is of positive significance to ensure normal growth, high yield and stable yield in the key period of plant growth, such as berry expansion period and critical period of flower bud differentiation.