Cultivation methods of Schisandra chinensis
Schisandra chinensis is divided into South and North five flavors, all belong to Magnoliaceae, perennial deciduous plants, its roots, bark, stems can be used in medicine, the economic value and medicinal value is very high. The new techniques for cultivating Schisandra chinensis are introduced below:
Raising seedlings
First of all, wash the fruit with water and remove the shrunken fruit. In early February, soak the fruit in warm water for 3 to 5 days, rub off the pulp, select full seeds, mix them with three times the amount of wet sand, bury them outdoors, the pit depth is about 0.6 meters, and the diameter can be determined according to the number of seeds. After stacking it, cover it with a thin layer of straw, cover with 20 cm of soil, store it in sand for 2 to 3 months, and sow seeds when the radicle just shows the seed coat. To choose good drainage, fertile soil, flat to the sun, apply sufficient fertilizer, flat to preserve soil moisture, to make a seedbed more than 1 meter wide, with April to May as the sowing time. In order to facilitate management, it is better to sow with a row spacing of 15 cm ~ 18 cm. After sowing, cover soil 2 cm ~ 2.5 cm, slightly suppressed. Cover the grass and water it to prevent drought. The sowing rate is about 5 kg per mu. The treated seeds can emerge 20 ~ 30 days after sowing. At this time, the covered grass can be removed in batches, a simple shading shed can be set up at the same time, and fertilizing, watering and loosening the soil properly.
Transplant
After two years of cultivation, the height of the seedlings can reach 1 m ~ 1.6 m, and the seedlings were transplanted before budding in early spring or after defoliation in autumn. The distance between rows and plants can be determined according to the mode of the support. When using artificial scaffold, it is usually positioned according to the standard of large row spacing of 1 m or small row spacing of 0.7 m and plant spacing of 0.5 m; if planted in Hawthorn seedling fields, Hawthorn plants can be used as natural scaffolds, and better results can be obtained.
Administration and Management
For the fertilization of Schisandra chinensis, in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer before planting, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are also applied every spring. In order to reduce nutrition consumption, proper pruning should be done during winter dormancy to remove a large number of basal branches and overdense branches from the roots, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and increase the number of fruits.
Pest control
Between spring and summer, if leaf blight occurs in Schisandra chinensis, it can be sprayed with 100 Bordeaux liquid before or at the beginning of the disease; in case of leaf curl damage, 1500 times of phoxim EC or 1500 times of phoxim EC can be used to control.
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Difficulties and Countermeasures in the cultivation of Schisandra chinensis
Artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis instead of wild resources has been the inevitable trend of the development of Schisandra chinensis industry. There are also many difficulties in the production process of artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis, which seriously hinders the development of Schisandra chinensis production to intensive, large-scale and industrialization. it is also the fundamental reason for the lack of large-scale successful experience in the artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis. Harm to diseases and insect pests, pesticide residues and drift. The general countermeasure is to adhere to the three principles of prevention, solution and treatment. Prevention: in the process of cultivation of Schisandra chinensis, we should adhere to the policy of prevention over control.
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Hybrid seed production method of Schisandra chinensis
First of all, a good tree shape is selected in the mountain, with a large amount of fruit, large clusters, large grains and many fruits as a whole, evenly harvest seeds, direct seeding and raising seedlings, and when entering the peak fruit period, enter the garden to select the same criteria as above. During the spring direct broadcast, the seeds of two trees with outstanding performance were selected, marked with the male and female parents respectively, far away from the production garden, and pollinated trees were prepared in the form of 2:1. The fruit matured and observed in the garden to see whether the whole orchard was consistent with the whole hanging fruit. Standard string ratio, whether there is the phenomenon of grain size or not, the fruit yield per plant is more than 5 kg, which is in line with the appellate standard.
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