Difficulties and Countermeasures in the cultivation of Schisandra chinensis

Artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis instead of wild resources has been the inevitable trend of the development of Schisandra chinensis industry. There are also many difficulties in the production process of artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis, which seriously hinders the development of Schisandra chinensis production to intensive, large-scale and industrialization. it is also the fundamental reason for the lack of large-scale successful experience in the artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis. Harm to diseases and insect pests, pesticide residues and drift. The general countermeasure is to adhere to the three principles of prevention, solution and treatment. Prevention: in the process of cultivation of Schisandra chinensis, adhere to the policy of prevention is more important than treatment, and strive for the initiative by taking early action. Take precautions and don't be passive. In recent years, due to the continuous warm winter to advance the development of Schisandra chinensis, so various agronomic measures should be carried out in advance. In verse 24, Schisandra chinensis should be protected according to the local phenological conditions after the sting. To prevent some fungi in the atmosphere from adhering to the stems of Schisandra chinensis, the specific measures are to spray Bordeaux liquid, match the same amount of quicklime, copper sulfate and 200 parts of water. Schisandra chinensis should be sprayed with broad-spectrum fungicide and foliar fertilizer in time after leaf release, and Biwei + polyantimycin + fulvic acid. Solution: if butylated pesticides are sprayed on nearby farmland. We need to spray the antidote tit-for-tat. Or spray foliar fertilizer to improve immunity. The main purpose of this stage is to prevent leaf blight. Spray pesticides against half-known bacteria. Treatment: in the case of protection and antidote is not effective, there are still diseases, we should prescribe the right medicine. Timely treatment. Strictly guard against losses caused by the loss of the best time for prevention and control. For several common diseases, please follow the methods in the following chapters on diseases and insect pests of Schisandra chinensis. Bear in mind the lesson that Schisandra chinensis suffered in large areas in Heilongjiang in 2007, and never let the tragic situation happen again.

1. Harm of herbicide soil residue and drift damage to Schisandra chinensis.

1. Residual drug damage in soil: Schisandra chinensis can not be planted in cultivated land where long residual herbicides such as triazobenzene, sulfonylurea and Imidazolinone have been used for two years. If we do not know the use of herbicides in the first two years of planting land, the serious herbicide damage of Schisandra chinensis can not be saved, because the soil residue problem of long residual herbicides can not be solved in agricultural production at present. Sometimes the symptoms of drug damage are relatively mild, such as leaf wilting in the middle stage of growth, leaf recovery in the early and late stage, plant rigidity not long, similar to drought phenomenon, and slow root development. at this time, you can irrigate the root with 500 times of Kangpu Kaipuke liquid, spray total nutrient foliar fertilizer, Ye Cui or Lion Horse Green 300 times, and also use foliar fertilizers such as Xianu, Kobang, Lvshen, Leaf spot King and so on. It can coordinate the relationship between aboveground and underground growth at the same time, promote the development of roots, and enhance the resistance of Schisandra chinensis to adverse environmental conditions such as drug damage, so as to restore the normal growth of Schisandra chinensis.

2. Herbicide drift damage: herbicide drift damage refers to the herbicide damage caused by the use of herbicides in other surrounding farmland and drifting to Schisandra chinensis with the wind. There are two reasons for herbicide drift. One is that the wind is relatively strong in the process of spraying, which causes the herbicide to drift. The other is that the boiling point of the herbicide is relatively low, and it volatilizes due to ground evaporation when the temperature is high, and the gaseous herbicide combines with the water vapor in the air. The gaseous herbicide drifts to the crops with the wind or re-condenses on the leaves of Schisandra chinensis under the action of temperature difference. For example, 2.4 Mel D-butyl began to volatilize and drift at 15 ℃ above zero, which is the main herbicide damage caused by drift. The main manifestations of drift damage were as follows: the new functional leaves were curled in spring, and when they were serious, the leaves were black, withered and fell off. The herbicide drift damage occurred in the flowering stage, such as petal wilting, early shedding of petals, decline or death of pollen vitality, difficulty in pollination, and flowering and sterility. Due to the drift drug damage caused by the early functional leaves were seriously damaged, resulting in insufficient accumulation of nutrients, fruit drop began to appear in the middle of June, light yield reduced, heavy yield no harvest. It is suggested that 2.4 murine D isooctyl ester should be used instead of 2.4 murine D butyl ester. Because of its low volatility, it can reduce the occurrence of drift drug damage. Immediately after the occurrence of drift drug damage, the symptoms of drug damage will be significantly improved by using 500 times of Kangpu Kepke + 500 times of lion horse green or Bigou + yellow humic acid foliar spray.

Second, the "big and small year" phenomenon of Schisandra chinensis.

The so-called "big and small year" refers to the phenomenon that the number of fruit appears alternately in different years after the fruit hanging period of Schisandra chinensis, and the emergence of small years seriously affects the planting benefit of Schisandra chinensis. The direct reason for the emergence of small years is that there are fewer female flowers and more male flowers in that year, and the decisive factor of the number of male and female flowers in that year lies in the flower bud differentiation period in August of the previous year (big year), and the factors affecting the flower bud differentiation of Schisandra chinensis are various. It is closely related to tree nutrition, load, light, temperature, soil water content, endogenous hormone level and so on. The cultivation experience of Schisandra chinensis shows that the amount of fruit per plant is too large or poorly managed, the nutrient elements give priority to meet the needs of the fruit, the excess nutrients can be transferred to the bud, and the differentiation of female flowers is blocked due to the lack of nutrient elements. the result of flower bud differentiation is that there are few or all male flowers. Therefore, in the cultivation of Schisandra chinensis, attention should be paid to regulating tree load, reasonable pruning, paying attention to pest control and strengthening fertilization and irrigation, especially spraying all-element foliar fertilizer during flower bud differentiation to meet nutritional requirements. For the specific operation, see the sixth chapter of the garden management of Schisandra chinensis.

3. Diseases and insect pests of Schisandra chinensis

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