Key points of cultivation techniques of Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis, alias Schisandra chinensis. It is a perennial deciduous woody Tengben of Magnoliaceae. It mainly produces Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces. Jilin and Liaoning produce the best quality, known as the "Liao five flavors". Used in medicine with ripe fruit.

First, the method of reproduction. In addition to seed reproduction, wild Schisandra chinensis mainly propagates by walking stems underground. In artificial cultivation, the methods of cutting, striping and seed propagation are often used, but it is difficult to take root and it is not as good as seed propagation. The method of seed propagation is simple and easy, and a large number of seedlings can be obtained in a short time.

1. Seed selection: the seeds of Schisandra chinensis should be selected during autumn harvest, and the ears with large and uniform fruit grains should be left for seed, dried and kept separately. Do not roast, bake or stir-fry when dry. It can be dried in the sun or shade and stored in a ventilated and dry place.

2. Seed treatment: ⑴ outdoor treatment. Before freezing, soak the fruit selected for seed use in water until the pulp rises to remove the pulp. Schisandra chinensis has a lot of blighted grains. The seed emergence rate is about 60%, and the blighted grains floating on the water can be removed while rubbing the pulp. After rubbing off the pulp, the seeds are soaked in clean water for 5-7 days, so that the seeds fully absorb water, change the water every two days, and remove part of the blighted grains when changing the water. After soaking, remove the controlled dry and mix it with 2-3 times the wet sand of the seed, put it into a pit about 0.5 meters deep prepared outdoors, cover with 10-15 cm fine soil, and then cover with firewood or straw curtains for low temperature treatment. The seeds can be sown in May-June of the following year. The treatment site should be highly dry so as not to soak the seeds. ⑵ indoor processing. In late February, the seeds were moved into the room to remove the pulp, mixed with wet sand and packed into a wooden box for sand storage treatment, the temperature could be kept between 5-15 ℃, and the seeds could be sown in the next spring.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

1. The selection of seedling field: the seedling field can choose fertile humus soil or sandy loam. Seedling to bed as a good, according to different soil conditions to make a bed, low-lying easy to flood, Rain Water more land can be made into a high bed, bed height of about 15 centimeters. Because of the high dryness and drought, the plots with less Rain Water can be made into flat beds. Bed soil to rake fine removal of impurities, per square meter of rotten barnyard manure 5-10 kg, and bed soil fully stirred evenly, cuddle flat bed can be sown.

2. Sowing time and method: generally sowing treated seeds from early May to mid-June, strip sowing or sowing. The row spacing of strip sowing is 10 cm, and the soil cover is 1.5-3 cm. The sowing amount is about 30 grams per square meter. You can also sow the fresh seeds of the year from early August to early September, that is, choose the same maturity, large and full grains, rub off the pulp, rinse with clean water, control and dry, and then sow.

3. Seedling field management: after sowing, a scaffolding with a height of 1-1.5 meters is built, shaded by grass curtains or Reed curtains, and watered when the soil is dry, so that the soil moisture can be kept at 30-40%. The shade curtain can be removed when the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, and can be transplanted the next spring.

3. Transplanting

1. Land selection: select forest edge or mature land with fertile soil, deep soil layer and good drainage, and humus soil and sandy loam are better. 20-30 tons of base fertilizer per hectare are applied, leveled and raked fine and set aside.

2. Transplant: generally transplant from late April to early May, with a row spacing of 120 cm × 50 cm. In order to make the row spacing uniform, you can pull the rope to fix the hole, make a mark on the position of the hole, and then dig into a hole with a depth of 30-35 cm and a diameter of 30 cm. One plant is planted in each hole. When planting, it is necessary to make the root system stretch, prevent the nest root and falling root, be firm after planting, pour enough water, and seal the hole with soil after the water seeps. The seedlings were checked after 15 days, and those who did not survive need to be replenished.

IV. Field management

1. Irrigation and fertilization: Schisandra likes fertilizer and needs enough water and nutrition during the growing period. Topdressing 1-2 times a year, the first time in the leaf expansion period, the second after flowering. Generally, 5-10 kg of rotten farm fertilizer can be applied to each plant.

2. Pruning: Schisandra chinensis branches can be pruned in spring, summer and autumn. ⑴ spring scissors. Generally, it is carried out before the branches sprout, cut off the overdense fruit branches and withered branches, and the branches are moderately dense and do not interfere with each other after cutting. ⑵ summer scissors. It is usually carried out from the first and middle of May to the first and middle of August. Mainly cut off basal branches, bore branches, overlapping branches, disease and insect branches and so on. ⑶ autumn scissors. After the leaves have fallen. Mainly cut off the basal branches after summer pruning.

3. Scaffolding: it should be set up in the second year after transplantation. Cement column or angle steel can be used as a column, with wooden pole or No. 8 iron wire pulling a horizontal line at the top of the column, each main vine stands a bamboo pole or wooden pole, the bamboo pole is 2.5-3 meters high and 1.5-5 cm in diameter, fixed on the horizontal line with binding lines, and then led to the vine on the shelf, strong binding can be used at the beginning, and then naturally wound on the shelf.

4. Loosening the soil and weeding: during the growth period of Schisandra chinensis, it is necessary to loosen the soil, weed, keep the soil loose without weeds, avoid damaging the root system when loosening the soil, and make a good tree plate at the base of Schisandra chinensis to facilitate irrigation.

5. Cultivating soil: cultivating soil at the base of Schisandra chinensis before winter can protect Schisandra chinensis safely through the winter.

6. Disease and its control: ⑴ root rot. The disease occurred from early May to early August, and the root was irrigated with 50% carbendazim 500-1000 times during the onset period. ⑵ leaf blight. The disease occurred from late May to early July, and 50% topiramine 1000 times liquid or 3% Jinggangmycin 50ppm solution could be sprayed alternately at the initial stage. The times of spraying can be determined according to the condition.

Fifth, harvest and processing. Harvesting was carried out from late August to early October, and harvested along with ripening.