High-yield cultivation techniques of Mulberry Branch Mushroom

In the aspect of comprehensive development and utilization of mulberry stalk, since 2006, Hechi City, Guangxi has successfully explored a new agricultural circular economy model of "mulberry mushroom ~ fertilizer" in Yizhou, Huanjiang and other cities and counties. "Yuhuang Tricholoma" cultivated with mulberry stalk as the main material won the gold medal in Hunan (International) Green Product @ # @ 119 in 2006, and passed the national organic food certification. The success of mulberry branch mushroom cultivation has solved the problem of burning a large area of mulberry stalks as waste in Hechi city for more than 20 years, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution, and provided sufficient raw material resources for expanding the development of edible fungus industry. it protects the ecological vegetation consumed by the production of "wood-rot fungi" in mountainous areas. The mushroom was cultivated with mulberry stalk powder cut in summer and winter in Hechi city, the output value of each tube was 10 yuan, after deducting the cost of 2 yuan, the net income of farmers was 8 yuan, and the income of mulberry stalk was more than 2000 yuan per 667m2. Hechi "Yuhuang mushroom" and other edible mushroom products produced by mulberry branches have been exported to Shanghai, Zhejiang, Northeast and other places, with annual production orders of 5000 tons, products in short supply and broad market prospects. The key techniques of mulberry stalk mushroom cultivation are as follows.

1. Mulberry stalk processing

The annual summer felling period of mulberry garden in Hechi City is June 25-30, and the winter felling period is December 10-15. Choose fresh mulberry stalks that are clean, mildew-free and pollution-free. Fresh mulberry stalks are easier to be chopped than dried ones, and the work efficiency is high. A 1.5 kilowatt shredder can process 800kg ~ 900kg mulberry stalks per hour. Adjust the knife edge to the proper position so that the length of the processed mulberry stalk powder is 0.4 cm to 0.5 cm.

II. Preparation of raw materials

Mix well according to the ratio of main material (mulberry stem powder) to water (1 ∶) and auxiliary materials (rice bran and lime powder) to 1 ∶ 0.6. the ratio of main material to auxiliary material is 1 ∶ 0.05. mix well and set aside. The main material is pre-wet, piled and covered with 3% lime water the day before batching; the excipients and ingredients are now in use, and an appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate fertilizer (0.8%-1%) and additives are added and moisturized with 3% lime water. In order to keep the culture material at a moderate pH value (6.5-7.5), mulberry stalk dry powder should be mixed well with 2% lime powder. After mixing the main material and the auxiliary material, it is appropriate to adjust the humidity with clean water and grasp the material by hand so that there are no water droplets in the fingers and a watermark in the palm. Do not bag until the moisture and pH value are adjusted to the above requirements.

3. Bagging and sterilization

When bagging the raw materials, tie a loose knot with a plastic rope at one end of the bag. Each bag is 2.5 kg. After loading, press most of the air out of the bacterial tube, tie it tightly with a living knot near the mouth, and put the bagged bacterial tube into a disinfection tank for sterilization on the same day. The periphery of the pool is sealed with film, and the top of the pool is covered with thermal insulation quilts and canvas. Then adjust the amount of steam into the pool, so that the top seal canvas to keep arch, keep this state for 14-15 hours of disinfection and sterilization can stop the furnace. Then move the bacteria tube into the inoculation room while it is hot every 20 to 24 hours and cool it down to prepare for inoculation.

IV. Vaccination in the oven

Put the sterilized bacteria canister into the inoculation room for discharge, each row 5-6 stories high, cool to room temperature and set aside. Prepare inoculation tools, disinfect fingers, palms and arms with 75% alcohol. Soak the seed bag in potassium permanganate solution for 3 seconds, remove it, gently shake it dry, and cut open the bottom of the bag with a sterilized scalpel. If you take a break, you should turn on the ultraviolet light in the inoculation room to disinfect the air and surface for 30 minutes, and re-inoculate after turning off the ultraviolet light. The inoculated bacteria canister should not be stacked in the inoculation room for a long time (more than 4 hours) or multi-layer (more than 4 layers). The inoculated bacteria tube is moved to the culture rack on the same day, and the culture mycelium is stacked in two layers, not in the inoculation room overnight. After sowing, thoroughly clean the floor and aisle of the mushroom room to ensure the cleanliness of the mushroom room. Then pouring new lime water on the floor and aisle of mushroom room can not only inhibit the occurrence of miscellaneous bacteria and insect pests, but also improve air humidity and promote the early growth and rapid development of mycelium. From the date of inoculation, the hyphae can grow in 20 days, and the mushrooms can be drenched in water at 26-28 days. In addition, it is necessary to observe and record every day after vaccination. If individual bacterial tubes are found to be contaminated, they should be isolated and discharged in time.

5. Construction of mushroom house

The construction specification and method of simple mushroom house in the field: build a shed according to 13 meters long, 5 meters wide and 3 meters high (the silkworm area can be cultivated in place in winter), and set up two bacterial racks in each shed, each 1.5 meters wide and 12 meters long. The bed is divided into three floors, the height difference of each floor is 65 cm, and the ground floor is 20 cm away from the ground. There are aisles in the middle and on both sides, with a width of 70 cm in the middle and 65 cm on both sides. The roof is arched, covered with plastic film and straw curtain or thatch. When building the shed, first set up the bedstead, and then build the roof and the shed surface. The scaffolding should be able to withstand 100 kilograms per square meter. After the mushroom room and the bacterial rack are set up, the culture material is sprayed once or fumigated once in all directions before the mixture of insecticidal, acaricidal and germicidal pesticides is moved into the house, and then sprayed with the mixture of 3% bleach and 5% quicklime 2 days later to achieve thorough disinfection.

VI. Management of mushroom production

Mushroom is a saprophytic fungus of medium and low temperature type, the optimum temperature for mycelium growth is 22: 26%, and the optimum temperature for fruiting body growth is 12: 18 ℃. During the whole growth period, it is suitable to grow in a cool, clean and fresh air environment. Therefore, the mushroom room should be sunshaded and cooled in summer, and covered with film and grass in winter to maintain air circulation. After the mycelium of the tube is full, it can be folded into 3-4 layers of bacteria discharge wall, and the sealing paper at both ends can be wet with light fog, but it should not be sprayed directly with water pipe, so as not to damage the mushroom bud and cause pollution. As the mushroom camp grows up, the amount of spray increases appropriately, and it is best to keep the relative humidity of the mushroom room air at 90%. The mushrooms can be harvested when they grow 70% to 80% big, and the residual mushroom feet can be removed in time for the next stage of mushroom production.

VII. Processing and packaging

Put the fresh mushrooms that have been removed, cut into the handle (1 cm long) and clean into the drying room, put them on a bamboo screen or stainless steel net, and dry at a low temperature (40-45 ℃) until they feel crisp and crisp. After drying, immediately seal it with a plastic bag to prevent moisture absorption and softening, and put it into the semi-finished product warehouse for quantitative sub-packaging, packaging and marketing.