Management and postharvest treatment of Agaricus bisporus and spring mushroom

Agaricus bisporus is the largest export edible fungus in China, which is mainly produced in Fujian, Shanghai, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces. At present, it is in the management stage of spring mushroom. Here are some key points of management technology in this stage.

Spring mushroom management spring mushroom accounts for about 30% of the total output. After the middle of March, the temperature gradually increased, and when the temperature was stable above 10 ℃, the soil moisture could be gradually adjusted to meet the needs of mushroom production. When transferring water, the lime supernatant of PH8~9 is sprayed first. When the temperature is below 15 ℃, it can be combined with topdressing. About April, the temperature reaches 1525 ℃, which is the period when a large number of spring mushrooms occur, so the amount of spraying water should be increased. The temperature in May is often above 25 ℃, the water evaporation is large, and the spring mushroom is coming to an end. The water content of the soil layer can be raised to the maximum, and the amount of water sprayed per square meter of bacterial bed is about 0.5kg per day, so as to buy time to collect the last batch of mushrooms.

The general principle of water transfer of spring mushrooms is: stable in March, accurate in April and ruthless in May. Spring temperature is unstable, water spraying and ventilation should pay attention to avoid the attack of cold current and dry and hot wind, so as to avoid a large number of dead mushrooms. And often spray lime water to adjust the declining pH in time.

Postharvest mushrooms are often harvested 5-7 days after budding, and 8-10 days after budding when the temperature is low. In Hunan and other southern regions, 2-3 batches of mushrooms can be harvested in autumn and winter, and the first tide mushroom has the best quality and the highest yield. 4-5 batches of mushrooms can be harvested in spring after quitting bed in February. At present, most of the mushroom varieties cultivated in China produce mushrooms at the temperature range of 13-20 ℃, and the mushrooms are neat and of good quality at 16-18 ℃. Mushrooms are required to be harvested when the fruiting body membrane is not broken, and the mushroom is an umbrella mushroom after the membrane is broken. The price of open umbrella mushroom is low, and the market is not wide. The harvested mushrooms are removed from the handle, graded and shipped to the factory for processing or fresh sale. The transport package should be padded with soft material to prevent extrusion and bruising. At present, mushrooms are mainly processed into cans, followed by salted mushrooms or sliced dried mushrooms.

The key technology is that the per unit yield of mushrooms in our country is low. The ways to overcome it are: first, to select high-quality and high-yield strains through the efforts of edible fungus researchers; second, to introduce foreign high-quality and high-yield strains. At present, Ag2796 strain is often used in production, and high yield measures such as secondary fermentation, peat soil as covering material and application of yield increasing agent are popularized at the same time.

Diseases and insect pests are an international problem in mushroom cultivation, which seriously affect the yield and quality of mushrooms, so the principle of "prevention first and comprehensive control" must be implemented. The main control measures are as follows: standardization of mushroom room and clean environment; reasonable C / N ratio of culture material and carrying out secondary fermentation technology; selecting high-yield strains with pure impurities and strong vitality to sow seeds in time; soil particles are covered with soil after exposure to the sun or treated with 800 times carbendazim; deal with the contradiction between temperature, humidity and air in mushroom room; timely and conscientiously remove diseases and insects, dead mushrooms, mushroom feet and other diseases (insects) on mushroom bed Mushroom houses or idle shelves with serious diseases and insect pests should be rotated or eliminated.