Cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus in Rice Field (1)

The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus in rice field is a way of cultivating Agaricus bisporus in open field by using rice straw as main raw material and making use of temperature and light resources and idle season in autumn, winter and spring. In 2005, our county cultivated 300000 square meters of Agaricus bisporus under no-tillage in 12 townships (towns). As of April 15, 2006, the output value per square meter was 18.8 yuan. It is estimated that the output value of every 667m2 mushroom field (the actual cultivated area is 400m2) can reach 8000 yuan, with a net profit of more than 5000 yuan. The main techniques of cultivating Agaricus bisporus in rice field are as follows:

First, prepare the mushroom field and choose the formula

1. Generally speaking, the mushroom field should be selected as the mushroom field with high topography, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, close to water source, good transportation conditions, and no Agaricus bisporus has been planted in 3 years. The rice stump left in the harvest of medium rice or single cropping rice shall not be higher than 10 cm. After the rice harvest is finished, the mushroom field should open the perimeter ditch and waist ditch to drain in advance for use.

two。 Mushroom species selection at present, the main varieties of Agaricus bisporus cultivated in our county are "2796" and "Zhenong 1", both of which belong to medium and low temperature varieties with good quality and high yield.

3. The selection of reasonable formula is one of the key factors for the high quality and high yield of Agaricus bisporus. The formulas used by most mushroom farmers in our county are as follows, which can be selected according to local conditions (calculated according to the actual cultivated area of Agaricus bisporus in 667 square meters rice field). Formula 1: 6000 kg of dried straw, 400kg of vegetable cake, 100kg of phosphate fertilizer, 60kg of urea, 200kg ~ 250kg of lime, 150kg of gypsum and 150kg of special fertilizer for Agaricus bisporus. Formula 2: 5000 kg of dried rice straw, 2000 kg of dried cow dung, 40kg of urea, 200kg of lime, 150kg of gypsum and 100kg of special fertilizer for Agaricus bisporus.

two. Prepare raw materials and build a pile for fermentation

Reasonable arrangement of production season is an important prerequisite for high yield of Agaricus bisporus. The suitable cultivation time should be determined according to the climatic conditions, especially the temperature conditions. Our county usually has dry straw, dried cow dung and vegetable cakes and other culture materials before the middle of August. The temperature is too high in early cultivation and too low after the end of September, which is not conducive to the high yield of Agaricus bisporus.

1. The selection and preparation of culture materials must be able to meet a variety of nutrients needed for the whole growth and development of Agaricus bisporus. The culture material must have three elements: first, the carbon and nitrogen materials must be sufficient (according to the experiment, the C / N ratio of the culture material is 30 ∶ 1 before the batch fermentation, and the C / N ratio should reach 17: 18 ∶ 1 after the fermentation of the culture material), and the contents of nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur should be suitable. The second is that the material texture of the culture material should be loose, elastic and can contain more air to meet the needs of mycelium respiration and aerobic microbial decomposition of the culture material, and the third is that it should have the ability of heating to promote the fermentation of the culture material. and kill germs and pests by high temperature.

Livestock manure is rich in nutrients needed by Agaricus bisporus, and its calorific value is high, so it is a good culture material for growing Agaricus bisporus. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in pig manure is high, but the content of organic matter is low. Using pig manure as heap material, the mushroom can be produced quickly, but the mushroom is dense, the mushroom body is small, the quality is poor, and the yield is higher in the early stage and lower in the later stage. The contents of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cow manure are high, which can meet the growth needs of Agaricus bisporus. However, if wet cow dung is used, the wet dung contains more water, the tissue is fine, the fermentation is slow, the temperature in the pile is lower, and the bacteria are not ideal. If the cow dung is dried and crushed, the fermentation is fast, the temperature in the pile is high, the body of Agaricus bisporus is strong, the quality is good, and the mushroom production period is longer. The yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus cultivated with horse dung was similar to that cultivated with cow dung. Therefore, pig manure, cow manure and horse manure can be used as culture materials, it is best to mix several kinds of animal manure, the effect is better. Chicken manure and duck manure have sufficient nutrients, fast fever and high temperature, but they are alkaline and viscous, so they can be mixed with animal manure. (to be continued)