Sowing of Agaricus bisporus

The main results are as follows: (1) the sowing date must be selected according to the local climatic conditions, and the standard of the best sowing time is that the natural temperature of the culture material in the germ stage is 24 ~ 26 ℃ as far as possible. The sowing time in the Yangtze River basin is in the first and middle of September, and the best sowing time is from September 8 to 12 in Shanghai and its neighboring areas. If sowing too early, it will often encounter a high temperature of more than 28 ℃ after sowing, resulting in the strain not germinating and dying; if sowing too late, it will shorten the days of mushroom emergence at the suitable temperature, and it is not easy to obtain high yield.

(2) preparation work before sowing ① to loosen and evenly turn the culture material: after the end of post-fermentation, the culture material should be turned over, that is, all the culture material should be loosened, turned evenly and leveled, in order to remove the waste gas from the culture material and make the culture material thickness uniform and loose. Flipping must be serious, to all the caking materials to shake loose, otherwise, after sowing will slow down the growth rate of mycelium, or even produce miscellaneous bacteria and lead to a reduction in production. ② check the material temperature, ammonia taste and water content of the culture material: after flipping, first check the temperature of the culture material, the normal temperature in the culture material is generally 0 ℃ higher than the air temperature in the mushroom room, if it is greater than 1 ℃, it means that the culture material has the material temperature and need to wait for the temperature to drop before sowing; if the material temperature persists, the second flip should be carried out, otherwise, the bacteria will be burned after sowing, so that the bacteria can not germinate normally. Secondly, check whether there is ammonia smell in the culture material, if there is ammonia smell, you can take the method of turning and large ventilation to eliminate it; if the ammonia smell is strong, spray 2% formaldehyde solution 0.45-0.9 kg per square meter, then flip the air, and then sow the seeds after the smell of formaldehyde has dissipated. Third, check the water content of the culture material. Before sowing, the normal water content of the culture material is 60%-65% (one or two drops of water dripped by hand). If it is too wet, it is necessary to increase the number of times and ventilation to reduce the water content of the culture material; if it is too dry, it can be adjusted by spraying pH8~8.5 lime water. ③ sowing at the right time: refers to sowing at an appropriate time according to the temperature conditions at that time after the flip is over. In case of persistent high temperature (greater than 28 ℃), sowing should be postponed and must not be sown under high temperature conditions. ④ inspection of cultivated species: the quality of bacteria directly affects the future hair bacteria and yield, the use of bad bacteria, light reduced yield, heavy almost no mushroom to harvest. Therefore, the inspection of bacteria must not be taken lightly. a. The standard of high-quality bacteria is: bottle wall hyphae are linear and fluffy, villous hyphae should be more than linear hyphae, mycelium color is white, robust and fragrant. All mycelium atrophy, spit yellow water or mycelium has yellow, green and other color bacteria, can not be used. b. Check whether there are mites in the bacteria. If the mycelium of the bottle wall is broken and atrophied, put the strain bottle in the sun for half an hour, then use a magnifying glass to observe near the bottle shoulder and bottle mouth cotton stopper, if you find mites, remove them. c. Grain (wheat) and cottonseed hull strains must be used 5-7 days after the hyphae are full, otherwise the hyphae in the cereal grains or cottonseed shells at the bottom of the bottle are not long. After sowing, miscellaneous bacteria are easy to invade the culture medium without long-legged hyphae and cause pollution. ⑤ hook digging bacteria: before hooking the bacteria, use 0.1% potassium permanganate solution to scrub the outer wall of the strain bottle, the container for holding the bacteria, and the hook digging tools; then remove the cotton plug, hook off the original seed block in the bottle and the surface bacteria on the bottle mouth, and then scrub the bottle mouth with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and then hook the bacteria, and the bulk bacteria hooked out need to be broken into particles manually.

(3) in order to obtain high yield of mushroom, high quality mushroom production must be adopted. Cottonseed shell strain and millet (wheat) seed of mushroom are widely used in China at present. The sowing rate and sowing method are as follows: ① sowing rate: per square meter of cultivated area, cottonseed shell strain needs 1875 ml (2.5 bottles of bacteria, 750ml per bottle). Or cereal (wheat) seed 1125 ml (equivalent to 1.5 bottles of bacteria, 750ml per bottle). ② sowing method: high-yield cultivation of mushroom must adopt sowing method and mixed sowing method. Sowing method: sprinkle two-thirds of the bacteria on the material surface, insert your fingers into the material and gently shake, let the bacteria mix evenly with the upper part of the culture material, and then sprinkle the remaining 1/3 of the bacteria on the material surface, gently pat the culture material with hands or other tools, so that the strain is close to the culture material, which is conducive to the rapid germination of the bacteria. Mixed sowing method: the bacteria and all the culture materials were evenly mixed and sown. After mixing, gently pat the surface of the culture material with hands or tools, and then cover the surface with a newspaper. By using the mixed sowing method, the sowing amount needs to be increased by 1/3 compared with the original sowing amount.